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Biochemistry

Biochemistry. Compounds versus Molecules. Compound. Molecule. Molecules- may consist at least 2 different types of atoms OR the same types of atoms Examples: NaCl, C 6 H 12 O 6, or H 2. Compound- consists of at least 2 different types of atoms Examples: NaCl, C 6 H 12 O 6. or.

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Biochemistry

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  1. Biochemistry

  2. Compounds versus Molecules Compound Molecule Molecules- may consist at least 2 different types of atoms OR the same types of atoms Examples: NaCl, C6H12O6, or H2 • Compound- consists of at least 2 different types of atoms • Examples: NaCl, C6H12O6 or

  3. Representing Molecules • Chemical Formula C6H12O6 • Letter: Element • Elements Carbon Bonds With: O, P, H, N, S • Subscript Number: Number of atoms for the element written before it

  4. Representing Molecules • Chemical Drawing • Letters: Elements • Lines: Bonds • Single covalent • Double • Triple • Carbon • Represented by the letter C and by angle in line

  5. What Makes Something Organic? Carbon!

  6. Why is Carbon Important? • Carbon: Organic compound serves as basis for life • 4 valence electrons • Ability for covalent bonding with other elements • May also bond with itself • Single, double, triple bond • Forms rings of carbon • Form long chains of carbons

  7. Functional Groups Carboxyl Ketone Amino Hydroxyl C=O N-H-H -OH group C=O-OH

  8. Chemical Reactions • Chemical Reactions: Energy and matter (atoms) are neither created nor destroyed- they are rearranged Parts of the chemical reaction • Large numbers in front of molecular formulas: # of those compounds in reaction • Reactants: Left side; molecules put into the reaction • Arrow: Represents the reaction itself • Products: Right side; result of the reaction

  9. Monomers versus Polymers Monomer Polymer Polymer- more than 1 single molecule joined together • Monomer- 1 single molecule

  10. Types of Chemical Reactions • Dehydration Synthesis- join monomers together; water is an end product

  11. Types of Chemical Reactions • Hydrolysis- Put water into the equation to break apart the disaccharide or polysaccharide Example: Break sucrose into glucose and fructose

  12. Endothermic and Exothermic Reactions • Endothermic- heat put into the reaction • Exothermic- heat released from the reaction • Dehydration Synthesis Endothermic • Creating bonds requires energy • Hydrolysis Exothermic • Breaking bonds releases energy

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