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GUNGAHLIN COLLEGE

GUNGAHLIN COLLEGE. Human Movement EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY FACTORS WHICH INFLUENCE SPORTS PERFORMANCE. Exercise in the Heat Exercise in the Cold Exercise at Altitiude. Exercise in the Heat. Effects of exercising in the Heat – compared to cool Increased sweating Reduced Blood Flow

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GUNGAHLIN COLLEGE

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  1. GUNGAHLIN COLLEGE Human Movement EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY FACTORS WHICH INFLUENCE SPORTS PERFORMANCE

  2. Exercise in the Heat • Exercise in the Cold • Exercise at Altitiude

  3. Exercise in the Heat • Effects of exercising in the Heat – compared to cool • Increased sweating • Reduced Blood Flow • Increased HR • Increased Q • Increased skin blood flow • Increased anaerobic energy use • Increased muscle glycogen use • Increased core temp

  4. Acclimatisation to Exercise in the Heat • 7 – 10 days of regular exposure to exercise 60-70% of cool climate intensity. Responses • Increased plasma • Earlier sweating response • More copious • More dilute sweat

  5. Impact of Sweat Loss on Performance • Body Weight Loss of 1% • Higher Core Temp • No thirst response (yet) • 0.1 C rise in core temp for each 1% body weight loss

  6. Body Weight Loss of 2-4% • Decrease in V02 max by 10-20% • HR increase doesn’t compensate for decrease in blood volume • 0.4C rise in core temp for each 1% of body weight loss

  7. Prolonged exercise in the heat may result in body weight loss of 6 – 10% • Heat Illnesses, death

  8. Replacing Sweat Loss • In short term exercise, replacing water is a priority. • Water is fine in the short term (cool not iced) • In long term exercise, CHO replaceent may be necessary (sports drinks) • Water is fine in the short term (cool not iced)

  9. Exercise in the Cold • Dangers probably greater thein the heat • Limited means of short term acclimatisation • Physiological Responses to cold a relatively weak • Prevention and survival depend more on behavioural responses

  10. The Environment • Cold in unpleasant • Cold and Windy is Dangerous • Cold, windy and wet is potentially fatal • You can survive a wider range of air temperatures then you can water temperatures • Water is 25 times more capable of removing heat from the body

  11. Physiological Repsonses • Vasoconstriction • Limiting heat loss through radiation. • Intermittent flow through the skin to avid injury • Shivering • Vigorous, fatiguing muscle activity • Increases resting metabolism 4 times • Depletes muscle glycogen • Reduce motor skins

  12. Behavioural Responses • Clothing • Exercise • Shelter • Food • Posture • Respiration

  13. Exercise at Altitude • Areas above 2000m, the amount of O2 in the air is significantly less then sea level • Normal activity is not possible due to serious Oxygen Deficit • Advantages in speed due to decreased air resistance (Mexico City Olympics)

  14. Body Response at Altitude • Brain recognises reduced 02 delivery so more RBC’s are produced. • This increases the bodies ability to transport 02

  15. Acute Responses at Altitude • Increased Breathing Rate • Increased HR • Increased Blood Flow to brain • Headache, nausea • Sleeplessness • Decreased Vo2

  16. Live High, Train Low • Due to the inability to complete extended aerobic training sessions the ‘live high train low’ model sees athletes train at sea level but recover at altitudes of 2000 – 2500 above sea level. • Hypoxic tents or altitude house are used to reduce expenses.

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