1 / 27

PREGNANCY; GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

PREGNANCY; GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. FERTILIZATION. www.thekeytoislam.com. SPERM + SECONDARY OOCYTE  ZYGOTE 38 WEEKS GROWTH DEVELOPMENT PRENATAL POSTNATAL FERTILIZATION: UTERINE TUBE PREGNANCY: UTERUS: 3 TRIMESTERS. PROSTAGLANDINS CAUSE SPERM TAIL TO CONTRACT

wyome
Download Presentation

PREGNANCY; GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. PREGNANCY; GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

  2. FERTILIZATION www.thekeytoislam.com

  3. SPERM + SECONDARY OOCYTE  ZYGOTE • 38 WEEKS • GROWTH • DEVELOPMENT • PRENATAL • POSTNATAL FERTILIZATION: UTERINE TUBE PREGNANCY: UTERUS: 3 TRIMESTERS

  4. PROSTAGLANDINS CAUSE SPERM TAIL TO CONTRACT • UTERINE TUBE AND UTERUS CONTRACT: AIDS SPERM TO EGG • ESTROGEN CAUSES EARLY UTERUS TO SECRETE A WATERY FLUID ?? • OF 200-600 SPERM ONLY A FEW HUNDRED REACH THE EGG

  5. FERTILIZATION • BINDS TO ZONA PELLUCIDA • ACROSOME RELEASES ENZYMES • HYALURONIDASE • ONE SPERM ENTERS AND LYSOSOMES HARDEN ZONA PELLUCIDA • SPEERM NUCLEUS ENTERS SECONDARY OOCYTE • UNEVEN CYTOPLASMIC DIVISION: MEIOSIS COMPLETED • 2 PRONUCLEI THEN MERGE: FERTILIZATION: ZYGOTE

  6. PRENATAL PERIOD • 38 WEEKS: • CLEAVAGE: 30 HOURS AFTER FERTILIZATION • CELLS DIVIDE DON’T GROW ? • CELLS: BLASTOMERES • CLEAVAGE EMBRYO • MOVING DOWN UTERINE TUBE: 3 DAYS HOW? • NUTRIENTS ? • SOLID BALL: MORULA: 16 CELLS • FLOATS AROUND UTERUS ~3 DAYS • BLASTOCYST: LOSES ZONA PELUCIDA, HOLLOWS OUT • DROPS INTO ONE OF TUBULES • PLURIPOTENT CELLS ? • DIFFERENTIATES: INNER CELL MASS: EMBRYO PROPER • WALL: TROPHOBLAST: ASSISTING STRUCTURES • IMPLANTATION TAKES ~1 WEEK • PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES • UTERINE LINING DEVELOPS • hCG RELEASED: PROTECTS AGINST IMMINE SYSTEM; KEEPS CL ACTIVE; STIMULATES PLACENTA TO PRODUCE HOIMONES

  7. HORMONAL CHANGES • hCG: • PREVENT SPONTANEOUS ABORTION: MAINTAINS CL: SO STILL PRODUCES ESTROGEN & PROGESTERONE: ?? • INHIBITS FSH AND LH SECRETION • WORKS FOR 2 MONTHS/ DECLINES • PLACENTA TAKES OVER PRODUCTION OF ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE • PLACENTAL LACTOGEN: BREAST DEVELOPMENT; PREPARE MAMMARY GLANDS • RELAXIN FROM CL AND PLACENTAL PROGESTERONE INHIBIT UTERINE MUSCLE CONTRACTION • ALSO RELAXES PUBIS AND SACROILIAC JOINT DURING LAST WEEK

  8. PLACENTAL ESTROGEN ENLARGES VAGINA • INCREASED ALDOSTERONE REATINS SODIUM = FLUID RETENTION • PTH: HELPS MAINTAIN HIGH MATERNAL BLOOD CALCIUM

  9. CHANGES • UTERUS ENLARGES ?? • INCREASE CARDIAC OUTPUT, BLOOD VOLUME, BREATHING RATE, URINE PRODUCTION ?? • EAT MORE: MAY SHOW DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS

  10. EMBRYONIC STAGE • 2ND WEEK  8 WEEK • AMNIOTIC CAVITY FORMS • EMBRYONIC DISC: FORMS LAYERS • ECTODERM AND ENDODERM, THEN MESODERM • PRIMARY GERM LAYERS • GASTRULA • CONNECTING STALK • GASTRULATION • ENDODERM: EPITHELIAL • ENDODERM: EPITHEILIAL • MESODERM: CONNECTIVE TISSUE

  11. ECTODERM: NERVOUS SYSTEM, SENSE ORGANS, EPIDERMIS AND STRUCTURES, LININGS: MOUTH, ANAL • MESODERM: MUSCLE, BONE, MARROW, BLOOD AND VESSELS, LYMPHATIC TISSUE, INTERNAL REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS, KIDNEYS, MESOTHELIUM OF CAVITIES • ENDODERM: EPITHELIAL LININGS OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM, RESPIRATORY TRACT, URINARY SYSTEM,

  12. CHORIONIC VILLI ?? • BECOMES MORE HUMAN LIKE • PLACENTAL MEMBRANE: • CHORIONIC MEMBRANE EPITHELIUM AND EPITHELIUM OF CAPILLARIES • TO ENDOTHELIUM OF UTERUS • DIFFUSION ?? • AMNIOTIC SAC AND AMNIOTIC FLUID FORM ?? • UMBILICAL CORD FORMS • 2 ARTERIES; VEIN • CHORION AND AMNION FUSE • YOLK SAC FORMS: BLOOD CELLS, SEX STEM CELLS

  13. ALLANTOSIS FORMS FROM YOLK SAC TO STALK • FORMS BLOOD CELLS • FORMS UMBILICAL VESSELS • AFTER 8 WEEKS: FETUS

  14. FETAL STAGE • 8 WEEKS TO BIRTH • MATURES/DEVELOPS • SKIN: SEBUM AND DEAD CELLS • SKELETON OSSIFIES • MUSCLES CONTRACT FAT LAYERS DEVELOP • 9 MONTHS: 266 DAYS: FULL TERM • 50 CM; 2.7-3.6 Kg • REPOSITIONS WITH HEAD DOWN

  15. FETAL CIRCULATION • UMBILICAL VEINS • HIGHER CONCENTRATION OF OXYGEN: FETAL HEMOGLOBIN HIGHER AFFINITY • MOST BYPASSES LIVER: DUCTUS VENOSUS • FROM RIGHT ATRIUM TO LEFT: FORAMEN OVALE • PARTIALLY BYPASSES LUNGS: DUCTUS ARTERIOSIS • UMBILICAL ARTERIES

  16. BIRTH • 38 WEEKS • PLACENTAL PROGESTERONE ?? • DECREASE PROGESTERONE, RELEASE OF PROSTAGLANDINS STARTS LABOR • POSTERIOR PITUITARY RELEASES OXYTOCIN ?? • UTERINE MUSCLES CONTRACT • POSITIVE FEEDBACK: STRONGER CONTRACTIONS, MORE OXYTOCI • AFTERBIRTHN

  17. MILK PRODUCTION • DURING PREGNANCY • ESTROGEN CAUSES DUCTS TO DEVELOP • PROGESTERONE DEVELOPS ALVEOLAR GLNADS • PROGESTERONE INHIBITS PROLACTIN • AFTER BIRTH: • PROLACTIN NOT INHIBITED • MAMMARY GLANDS SECRETE MILK • SUCKLING: RELEASES OXYTOCIN: ALVEOLAR GLANDS RELEASE MILK • POSITIVE FEEDBACK • SLIGHT INHIBITION OF REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE

  18. POSTNATAL PERIOD • NEONATAL • BIRTH– 4 WEEKS • BODILY FUNCTIONS ON OWN • SURFACTANT REDUCES SURFACE TENSION OF LUNGS • LIVER DOESN’T SUPPLY MUCH GLUCOSE: USES FAT • KIDNEYS IMMATURE: DEHYDRATION, ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE • BODY TEMPERATURE REGULATION MAY TAKE TIME • UMBILICAL VESELS CONSTRICT, DUCTUS VENOSUS CONSTRICTS, FORAMEN OVALE CLOSES, DUCTUS ARTEIOSUS CONSTRICTS

  19. INFANCY • 4TH WEEK TO 1 YEAR • RAPID GROWTH • MATURATION AND COORDINATION • COMMUNICATION • DEPENDS ON PROPER NUTRITION

  20. CHILDHOOD • 1ST YEAR TO PUBERTY • PRIMARY TEETH  SECONDARY TEETH • RAPID GROWTH, MATURATION AND COORDINATION; CONTROL OF BLADDER AND BOWELS

  21. ADOLESCENCE • PUBERTY TO ADULTHOOD • PREPARATION FOR REPRODUCTION • FEMALES DEVELOP FIRST • HIGH LEVEL MOTOR SKILLS, INTELLIGENCE INCREASES, EMOTIONS MATURE

  22. ADULTHOOD • ADOLESCENCE TO OLD AGE • UNCHANGED FOR YEARS • 30: DEGENERATION BEGINS: • SKELETAL MUSCLES LOSE STRENGTH • CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM LESS EFFICIENT • SKIN LESS ELASTIC • SEX CELL DEVELOPMENT DECLINES

  23. SENESCENCE • GROWING OLD • DEGENERATION CONTINUES • FROM PROLONGED USE, DISEASE AND CELLULAR CHANGE • LOSS OF SOME INTELLECTUAL ABILITY, SENSORY FUNCTIONS, LESS COORDINATION PHYSIOLOGICALLY

  24. DEATH • USUALLY FROM DISTURBANCE TO CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM OR DISEASE OF VITAL ORGANS • PREACTIVE DYING: 3 MONTHS, WITHDRAWS SOCIALLY, APPETITE WANES • ACTIVE DYING: 2 WEEKS: RESTS, CONFUSED, EATS LITTLE, ORGAN SYSTEM SHUT DOWN, SKIN MOTTLING, CONGESTION, LOUD BREATHING

  25. PASSIVE AGING • BREAKDOWN OF STRUCTURES, SLOWING OF FUNCTIONS • CONNECTIVE TISSUE BREAKDOWN • DNA ERRORS BUILD UP • LIPDS  LIPOFUSCHIN • DAMAGE FROM FREE RADICALS

  26. ACTIVE AGING • AUTOIMMUNITY DEVELOPS • APOPTOSIS

  27. HUMAN LIFE SPAN • 120 YEARS • US: • MALE: 75.4 • FEMALE: 83.2 • MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY: FUTURE??????????

More Related