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Holt Handbook Chapter 5

Holt Handbook Chapter 5 . The Phrase: Prepositional, Verbal, and Appositive Phrases. #1-What is a Phrase? . PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE: a message from the other members of the debate team. PARTICIPIAL PHRASE: monkeys swinging through the dense jungle.

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Holt Handbook Chapter 5

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  1. Holt Handbook Chapter 5 The Phrase: Prepositional, Verbal, and Appositive Phrases

  2. #1-What is a Phrase? PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE: a message from the other members of the debate team PARTICIPIAL PHRASE: monkeys swinging through the dense jungle INFINITIVE PHRASE: asking to go with them on their Antarctic expedition APPOSITIVE PHRASE: a painting by van Gogh, the famous Dutch painter NOTE: a group of words that has both a verb and its subject is called a clause. Pg 95 A phrase is a group of related words that is used as a single part of speech and that does not contain both a verb and its subject.

  3. #2-The Prepositional Phrase EXAMPLES: The Seine River flows through Paris. [The noun Paris is the object of the preposition through.] EXAMPLES: The car in front of us slid into an icy snow bank. [The pronoun us is the object of the compound preposition in front of. The noun snow bank is the object of the preposition into.] A prepositional phrase includes a preposition, a noun or pronoun called the object of the preposition, and any modifiers of that object.

  4. NOTE: PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE: When we went to Florida, we saw the old Spanish fort in St. Augustine. INFINITIVE: When we were in Florida, we went to see the old Spanish fort in St. Augustine. Pg 96 Be careful not to confuse a prepositional phrase with an infinitive. A prepositional phrase always has an object that is a noun or a pronoun. An infinitive is a verb form that usually begins with to.

  5. #3-The Adjective Phrase EXAMPLES: Wang Wei was a talented painter of landscapes. [the prepositional phrase of landscapes modifies the noun painter, telling what kind of painter.] EXAMPLES: Mrs. O’Meara is the one on the left. [the prepositional phrase on the left modifies the pronoun one, telling which one Mrs. O’Meara is.] Pg. 97 A prepositional phrase that modifies a noun or a pronoun is called an adjective phrase.

  6. #4-The Adverb Phrase An adverb phrase tells how, when, where, why, or to what extent (how long, how much, or how far). EXAMPLES: the snow fell throughout the day . [the phrasemodifies the verb fell, telling when the snow fell.] EXAMPLES: Are you good at soccer?[the phrasemodifies the adjective good, telling how you are good.] A prepositional phrase that modifies a verb, an adjective, or an adverb is called an adverb phrase. Pg 99

  7. #5- Verbals and Verbal Phrases A verbal is a word that is formed from a verb but is used as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb. There are three kinds of verbals: the participle, the gerund, and the infinitive.

  8. #6- The Participle • A participle is a verb form that can be used as an adjective. • Present participles end in –ing. • The smiling child waved. • The horses trotting past were not frightened by the crowd. ---Most past participles end in –d or –ed. Some past participles are irregularly formed. • The police officers searched the abandoned warehouse.

  9. #7 The Participial Phrase Seeing itself in the mirror, the duck seemed quite bewildered. A participial phrase consists of a participle and any modifiers or complements the participle has. The entire phrase is used as an adjective.

  10. #8- The Gerund SUBJECT Skiing down that slope was fun. PREDICATE NOMINATIVE: Dad’s favorite pastime is fishing for trout and bass. INDIRECT OBJECT Give sailing a try. DIRECT OBJECT We enjoyed hiking in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains. OBJECT OF PREPOSITION Please sweep the front sidewalk after mowing. A gerund is a verb form ending in –ing that is used as a noun.

  11. The Gerund Phrase Having a part-time job may interfere with your schoolwork. The townspeople heard the loud clanging of the fire bell. NOTE: When a noun or a pronoun comes immediately before a gerund, use the possessive form of the noun or pronoun. A gerund phrase consists of a gerund and any modifiers or complements the gerund has. The entire phrase is used as a noun.

  12. #9 The Infinitive NOUN: To install the ceiling fan took two hours. ADJECTIVES: The best time to visit Florida is December through April. ADVERBS: The gymnasts were ready to practice their routines. An infinitive is a verb form that can be used as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb. Most infinitives begin with to.

  13. The Infinitive Phrase • An infinitive may be modified by an adjective or an adverb; it may also have a complement. The crowd grew quiet to hear the speaker. Peanuts and raisins are good snacks to take on a camping trip. An infinitive phrase consists of an infinitive and any modifiers or complements the infinitive has. The entire phrase may be used as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb.

  14. #10- Appositives and Appositive Phrases NOTE: commas are generally used with appositives that refer to proper nouns. • An appositive phrase consists of an appositive and its modifiers. An appositive is a noun or a pronoun placed beside another noun or pronoun to identify or describe it.

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