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Comprehensive Guide to Adding a Disk in Unix: Installation and Configuration Steps

This guide details the essential steps for adding a disk in Unix systems, covering hardware installation, device file creation, partitioning, and file system configuration. It outlines different disk types, such as SCSI, IDE, USB, and FireWire and their specific considerations. Learn how to properly connect, format, and mount your new disk in environments like Red Hat Linux. Key commands and tools, including fdisk, mkfs, and fstab, are presented to ensure a smooth installation and management of your Unix disk setup.

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Comprehensive Guide to Adding a Disk in Unix: Installation and Configuration Steps

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  1. Chapter 8: Adding a Disk—Unix Hard Disk Basics Installation and Configuration Barry Kane CMSC-691X

  2. Basic Steps • Choose Disk • Install Hardware • Create Device Files • Partition • Format file system • Configure, Label, & Mount

  3. Choose Disk • SCSI • IDE (ATA) • Fibre Channel • USB • FireWire (IEEE 1394 or iLink)

  4. SCSI • Small Computer System Interface • 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 or 160 MB/sec. • 7 to 15 devices per bus • Good at arbitrating multiple bus requests

  5. The Evolution of SCSI

  6. IDE • Integrated Drive Electronics • Inexpensive • competes for bus access (only one at a time) • max 2 devices/bus • Dependent on BIOS • First 1024 cylinders for boot access

  7. Connect the Disk • IDE- choose master or slave, and IDE bus number • SCSI - make sure cables are properly terminated. Pick device number.

  8. Low Level Format • Make sure device entry exists (/dev/xxxx) • Format the disk using manufactures programs -- most disks come preformated

  9. Partition • fdisk, pdisk, cdisk • File systems and swap • ext2 • Fat32 • Unix • Swap • HFS • Others....

  10. Create File System • Unix, Swap, or other file systems • mkfs or newfs • Check the file system - fsck • Also used to repair a fs with the -r option • Can walk through the fstab file and check partitions in the order specified by the Pass parameter

  11. Label and Mount • mount & umount • mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom • umount /mnt/cdrom • mount -a

  12. Label and Mount • /etc/fstab file • Device file or virtual file system • Mount point • File system type • Options • Dump • Pass#

  13. fstab file example

  14. Adding a Disk to Red Hat Linux • Install new disk • IDE • make sure bios can recognize • SCSI • scan SCSI bus for ID conflict • SCSI bios can low level format • if no interface boot to see if you must install a SCSI driver before the kernel can recognize the disk

  15. Adding a Disk to Red Hat — cont • Ignore initial warnings about the partition table — partitioning after system booted • First check to see if device files exist • form /dev/sdXN • first on chain, first partition /dev/sda1 • If no device file then make them • /dev/MAKEDEV script • e.g., # cd /dev # ./MAKEDEV sda

  16. Adding a Disk to Red Hat — cont • Ready for partitioning — fdisk • many variations — read man page for system • Good to make first partition small to ensure for old BIOS and other operating systems • Warning if greater than 1024 cylinders • for runtime software (e.g., LILO) • other OS boot & partition software • e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK

  17. Adding a Disk to Red Hat — cont • fdisk program • interactive — press m for command list • command list • n to create a new partition • t to change the partition type • p to print the partition table • w to write the partition table to disk

  18. Adding a Disk to Red Hat — cont Command (m for help): new e extended p primary partition (1-4): p Partition number (1-4): 2 First cylinder (256-5721, default 256): 256 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (256-1275, default 1275): 511 • nothing changed on disk until you tell fdisk to write the partition table • room for four “primary” partitions but can”extend” by pointing to another table with four more

  19. Adding a Disk to Red Hat — cont • 2nd partition — create a swap partition • change type to LINUX SWAP • 3rd partition — remainder of disk Command (m for help): type Partition number (1-4): 2 Hex code (type L to list codes): 82 Changed system type of partition 2 to 82 (Linux swap)

  20. Adding a Disk to Red Hat — cont • Review Command (m for help) print Command (m for help) print Disk /dev/sda: 255 heads, 63 sectors, 5721 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 255 204825683 Linux /dev/sda2 256 511 2056320 82 Swap /dev/sda3 512 5721 41849325 83 Linux

  21. Adding a Disk to Red Hat — cont • If satisfied write the table to disk Command (m for help) write Command (m for help) write The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl( ) to re-read partition table. SCSI device sda: hdwr sector=512 bytes. Sectors=91923356 [44884] [44.9GB] sda: sda1 sda2 sda3 Syncing disks.

  22. Adding a Disk to Red Hat — cont • Make a file system on your new partitions • mk2fs /dev/sda1 • mkswap -c /dev/sda2 • Check the new file system • fsck -f /dev/sda1

  23. Adding a Disk to Red Hat — cont • Mount the partition • mount /dev/sda1 /tmp • Enable swap • swapon /dev/sda2 • Check your workdf /tmpFilesystem 1k-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on/dev/hdb1 2071384 349816 1616344 18% / • Edit the fstab file to save your work for next time

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