Review the Animal Kingdom

1. Review the Animal Kingdom • 4 Major Characteristics? • Multicellular • Eukaryotic • Heterotrophs • Cells lack cell walls

2. Feeding Respiration Circulation Excretion Response Movement Reproduction 7 Essential Functions?

3. Trends in Animal Evolution • Cell specialization and levels of organization? • Early development? • Body symmetry? • Cephalization? • Coelom?

4. Hard Shells Fur & Milk Glands Amniotic Egg Lungs Bony Skeleton jaws Brain Encased Skull

6. The Anatomy of a Sponge Water flow Osculum Collar Cell Central cavity Pores Spicule Pore cell Pore Epidermal cell Archaeocyte

7. Cnidarians have two body forms Polyp - stationary, vase-shaped Medusa - swimming, cup-shaped Examples: hydra, coral, sea anemone Examples: jellyfish, portuguese man of war

8. 3 Groups of Worms? • Flatworms • Roundworms • Segmented Worms • What do all 3 groups have in common? • Bilateral symmetry, cephalization, sexual reproduction, true organs,

9. Flatworm adaptation? • Simplest animals to have bilateral symmetry and cephalization. • First True Organs

10. Roundworm Adaptation? First animals to have a one way digestive system with mouth and anus

11. Segmented Worm Adaptation? First animals to have true circulatory system

12. Examples of Mollusks?

13. Major Advancement? • Well developed nervous system

14. 1. Foot- 2. Mantle (covering) – 3. Shell – 4. Visceral mass – muscular and modified in each group: used for crawling, burrowing, or may form tentacles for capturing prey thin layer that covers most of the body and secretes the shell made of calcium carbonate – for protection area where internal organs are located. 4 parts to body?

15. Classification of Mollusks? • Classified into three common groups based on shell presence and type and foot modification 1. Gastropods 2. Bivalves 3. Cephalopods

16. Echinoderms’ Adaptations • Development similar to vertebrates • Water Vascular System

17. Types of Echinoderms • Sea Stars • Brittle Stars • Sea Urchins • Sand Dollars • Sea Cucumbers

18. Name the phyla

21. Arthropods “jointed foot” • Major Groups • Arachnids - Spiders and their relatives • Crustaceans- lobster, shrimp and crayfish • Centipedes • Millipedes • Insects and their relatives – grasshopper, cricket, roaches, beetles

22. Arthropods • Characteristics • Largest group of animals • Have jointed appendages which include legs, antennae, claws and pincers • Have bilateral symmetry, segmented bodies, exoskeletons, a body cavity, a digestive system with two openings and a nervous system • Most have separate sexes and reproduce sexually

23. Arthropods • Body Segments • Bodies of these animals are divided into specialized segments • Exoskeleton • A hard outer covering that supports and protects the internal body and provides places for muscle to attach. • Doesn’t grow as the animals does, it is shed and replaced during a process called molting

24. Exoskeleton Advantages Disadvantages 1. protection 1. Must molt as animal grows 2. prevents desiccation 2. limits size of animal

25. Arachnids • Have two body regions • Cephalothorax and an abdomen • Four pairs of legs and no antennae • Many are adapted to kill prey with poison glands, stingers, or fangs • Some are parasites

26. Black Widow

27. Arachnids • Scorpions • Have sharp, poison filled stinger at the end of abdomen. • Have a well-developed appendages which they can grab their prey. • Spiders • Can’t chew their food, release enzymes into prey to digest it—then suck the predigest liquid into its mouth. • Have book lungs where O2 and CO2 are exchanged.

28. Arachnids • Mites & Ticks • Most are parasites • Ticks have specialized mouthparts to remove blood from the host. • Ticks often carry disease such as Lyme disease.

29. Centipedes & Millipedes • Have long bodies and many segments, exoskeleton, jointed legs, antennae and simple eyes. • Found in damp environments • Reproduce sexually • Centipedes are predators • Millipedes feed on decaying plant matter.

30. Centipede Millipede

31. Crustaceans

32. Crustaceans • Have one or two pair of antennae and mandibles, which are used for crushing food. • Most live in water, but some live in moist environments on land—such as pill bug. • Have five pair of legs, first pair of legs are claws for catching and holding food.

33. Crustaceans • Swimmerets are appendages on the abdomen which help in movement and are used in reproduction; also force water over the gills used in O2 and CO2 exchange

34. Chelipeds – capture prey & defense

35. Antennae – touch & taste Chelipeds –food and defense

36. Antennae – touch & taste Chelipeds –food and defense Antennule - balance

37. Antennae – touch & taste Chelipeds –food and defense Antennule - balance Rostrum - protection

38. Antennae – touch & taste Chelipeds –food and defense Antennule - balance Rostrum - protection Cervical groove – separation of head & thorax

39. Antennae – touch & taste Chelipeds –food and defense Antennule - balance Rostrum - protection Cervical groove – separation of head & thorax Swimmerets- swimming

40. Antennae – touch & taste Chelipeds –food and defense Antennule - balance Rostrum - protection Uropod- steering- Cervical groove – separation of head & thorax Swimmerets- swimming

41. Antennae – touch & taste Chelipeds –food and defense Antennule - balance telson - Rostrum - protection X - Uropod- steering- Cervical groove – separation of head & thorax Swimmerets- swimming

42. Antennae – touch & taste Chelipeds –food and defense Carapace – outer covering of body Antennule - balance telson- Rostrum - protection X - Uropod- steering- Cervical groove – separation of head & thorax Swimmerets- swimming

43. Antennae – touch & taste Walking Legs Chelipeds –food and defense Carapace – outer covering of body Antennule - balance telson - Rostrum - protection X - Uropod- steering- Cervical groove – separation of head & thorax Swimmerets- swimming

44. Green gland- removes liquid waste

45. Green gland- removes liquid waste Maxilliped – taste & hold food

46. Green gland- removes liquid waste Maxilliped – taste & hold food Gill Chamber

47. Green gland- removes liquid waste swimmerets Maxilliped – taste & hold food Gill Chamber

48. Green gland- removes liquid waste anus swimmerets Maxilliped – taste & hold food Gill Chamber

49. Green gland- removes liquid waste anus Telson- backward movement swimmerets Maxilliped – taste & hold food Gill Chamber

50. Mandible – grind food anus Telson- backward movement swimmerets Maxilliped – taste & hold food Gill Chamber