PIA 2501: Public Policy and Management

1. PIA 2501: Public Policy and Management Week Eight: NGOs, Community Dynamics and Civil Society

2. ORGANIZATIONS, INSTITUTIONS AND DEVELOPMENT: THE ROLE OF NGOs

3. THE TIE IN-1 Governance Issues IMPACT NGO Work

4. Prologue- World Bank Mission • Local Governance and Civil Society in Guinea Conakry (Stakeholder Analysis- March, 2006) • Creation of a Poverty Alleviation Fund- includes Micro-Credit • Design Capacity for Service Delivery • Need for Predictable Governance and stable Civil Society

5. Micro-Credit Project in Ethiopia

6. Tie In-2: The Popularity of Micro-credit Grameen Bank Nobel Prize for Peace (2006) Micro-credit The Concept and the Controversy Links to Traditional Savings Banks Ann Dunham- Micro-credit specialist

7. Micro-Credit will be Popular

8. TIE IN-3 • NGOs and Civil Society Tie into Decentralized Governance

9. Decentralization and Civil Society: A Grassroots Perspective Target Group Governance / Democracy Communication and Support NGOs Women’s Focused Groups Civic Education Rural Industries Land Rural Credit Grassroots Organizations

10. Civil Society as a Dependent Variable

11. Tie In-4

12. Weak Weak Strong Strong State-Weak Strong State Societal Linkages: Redux Central State - Macro SOFT STATE…………………………….PREDATORY STATE Mezzo-Intermediate Mono-State…...INTERGOVERNMENTAL Systems in place.…..Local State Civil Society - Micro Local - SOFT STATE….………………LOCAL GOVERNMENT

13. Civil Society--Review • Networks of organizations, groups and individuals pursuing socio-economic interests • "Beyond the family but short of the state" (Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel)

14. Tie In- 5- Human Rights Issues Review Civil Society and Human Rights • "Human Rights, Basic Needs and the Stuff of Citizenship" (Anonymous) • Issue: First vs. Second and Third generation Human Rights and Civil Society

15. Civil Society Structures-1 • NGOs, CBOs, (Community Based Orgs.) PVOs (Private Voluntary Organizations: Who do they represent? • Grassroots, interests, not for profits (neutrality) • Groups- Role of ethnicity, religion and class, vs. individual rights

16. NGOs- THE NATURE OF THE BEAST NGOs?

17. NGOs--The Nature of the Beast Non-Profits vs. For Profits Not for Profits- More value directed Private Voluntary Organizations (PVOs) Community Based Organizations (CBOs) Foundations

18. NGOs-The Nature of the Beast-2 Civic Associations (Civics) Interest Groups Quangos Trade Unions Religious Organizations

20. Goods for Good- A Malawi Based Organization (BUT?)

21. Civil Society Structures-2 • Privatization as an NGO issue (Compete with Private Sector • Corporatism vs. Clientelism (NGOs vulnerable) • Organic VS. Individualist nature of society (Vincent Ostrom) (Civil Society sometimes seen as collectivist) • Establishing the rule of law • Roman vs. Common Law • What is the role of the individual

23. Five Caveats: NGOs • Usually excludes “for profits” • Issue of contractors- both for profits and non-profits • Includes both International and Local • Internationals are not universally loved

24. Five Caveats, Cont. • Very often internationals are religious or charity based • Focus has been primarily on relief rather than development or civil society goals

25. Philanthropy vs. Charity Relief and Welfare Societies Public Service Contractors Populist based development agencies (national) Types of “Development” NGOs

26. Andrew Carnegie championed the idea of strategic philanthropy: he thought it was better to give people a fishing rod than a fish.

27. Types of “Development” NGOs • Grassroots associations (local or village based) • Advocacy groups • Public Service Contractors

28. Rural Development Promotion

29. International NGOs- • Care • Catholic Relief Services • Save the Children • Amnesty International • Oxfam

30. Origins- Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster • War, Drought, Agricultural Failure • Focus on Rural Development • Human Rights • Focus on Governance

31. Ten Minute Break

32. Indigenous NGOs

33. Political Cartoon Remembering the 1960s

34. Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster NGOs--Areas of Perceived Advantage • Cost-effective • Small but efficient • Innovative • Staff loyalty and commitment

35. Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster NGOs--Perceived Advantage • Ideologically compatible with Development values • Links with poor • Image of populism

37. Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster • International NGOs—Weaknesses • Lack of local legitimacy • Donor driven • Inefficiency

39. Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster • International NGOs—Weaknesses • Amateurism • Leadership and continuity problems • Staffing problems • Self-serving-own objectives • Faith Based

40. Annual Meeting of World Association of Non-Governmental Organizations (WANGO)

41. Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster • International NGOs—Weaknesses • Fixation on projects • Problems of replication • Lack of perceived accountability • Learning problems/lack of institutional memory

42. NGOs and Projects

43. Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster • International NGOs—Weaknesses • Tensions with government institutions • Politically threatening • Ties with existing local elites • Inability of humanitarian organizations to transfer to new development orientation

44. Forthcoming Books- Next Week V.S. Naipaul, Among the Believers Jim Mayfield, Go to the People • China vs. Indonesia • Believers, Unbelievers • Secular vs. Religious Views of the World

45. Jim Mayfield From the University of Utah to Iraq

46. Discussion and Debates • Lawrence Graham- Brazil • Monte Palmer- Egypt • Samuel P. Huntington- Culture • The Picard Findings- Africa

47. Not Oprah’s Book of the WeekJanine Wedel and Deborah Scroggins

48. Books of the Week • Janine Wedel, Collision and Collusion • Deborah Scroggins, Emma’s War

49. Follow Up Discussion and Debate