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Platonic Solids And Zome System

Platonic Solids And Zome System. Regular Polygons. A regular polygon is a polygon with all sides congruent and all angles congruent such as equilateral triangle, square, regular pentagon, regular hexagon, ….

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Platonic Solids And Zome System

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  1. Platonic Solids And Zome System

  2. Regular Polygons A regular polygon is a polygon with all sides congruent and all angles congruent such as equilateral triangle, square, regular pentagon, regular hexagon, …

  3. By a (convex) regular polyhedron we mean a polyhedron with the properties thatAll its faces are congruent regular polygons.The arrangements of polygons about the vertices are all alike. Regular Polyhedra

  4. The regular polyhedra are the best-known polyhedra that have connected numerous disciplines such as astronomy, philosophy, and art through the centuries. They are known as the Platonic solids.

  5. Cube Octahedron Dodecahedron Tetrahedron Icosahedron Platonic Solids ~There are only five platonic solids~

  6. Platonic solids were known to humans much earlier than the time of Plato. There are carved stones (dated approximately 2000 BC) that have been discovered in Scotland. Some of them are carved with lines corresponding to the edges of regular polyhedra.

  7. Icosahedral dice were used by the ancient Egyptians.

  8. Evidence shows that Pythagoreans knew about the regular solids of cube, tetrahedron, and dodecahedron. A later Greek mathematician, Theatetus (415 - 369 BC) has been credited for developing a general theory of regular polyhedra and adding the octahedron and icosahedron to solids that were known earlier.

  9. The name “Platonic solids” for regular polyhedra comes from the Greek philosopher Plato (427 - 347 BC) who associated them with the “elements” and the cosmos in his book Timaeus. “Elements,” in ancient beliefs, were the four objects that constructed the physical world; these elements are fire, air, earth, and water. Plato suggested that the geometric forms of the smallest particles of these elements are regular polyhedra. Fire is represented by the tetrahedron, earth the octahedron, water the icosahedron, and the almost-spherical dodecahedron the universe.

  10. Harmonices Mundi Johannes Kepler

  11. Number of Triangles About each Vertex Number of Faces (F) Number of Edges (E) Number of Vertices (V) Euler Formula V + F = E + 2 3 Construction of Regular Polyhedra Using Equilateral Triangle

  12. Number of Triangles About each Vertex Number of Faces (F) Number of Edges (E) Number of Vertices (V) Euler Formula V + F = E + 2 3 4 6 4 4+4=6+2 Construction of Regular Polyhedra Using Equilateral Triangle

  13. Tetrahedron Platonic Solids

  14. Number of Triangles About each Vertex Number of Faces (F) Number of Edges (E) Number of Vertices (V) Euler Formula V + F = E + 2 3 4 6 4 4+4=6+2 4 Construction of Regular Polyhedra Using Equilateral Triangle

  15. Number of Triangles About each Vertex Number of Faces (F) Number of Edges (E) Number of Vertices (V) Euler Formula V + F = E + 2 3 4 6 4 4+4=6+2 4 8  12  6 6+8=12+2 Construction of Regular Polyhedra Using Equilateral Triangle

  16. Octahedron Tetrahedron Platonic Solids

  17. Number of Triangles About each Vertex Number of Faces (F) Number of Edges (E) Number of Vertices (V) Euler Formula V + F = E + 2 3 4 6 4 4+4=6+2 4 8  12  6 6+8=12+2 5 Construction of Regular Polyhedra Using Equilateral Triangle

  18. Number of Triangles About each Vertex Number of Faces (F) Number of Edges (E) Number of Vertices (V) Euler Formula V + F = E + 2 3 4 6 4 4+4=6+2 4 8  12  6 6+8=12+2 5 20 30 12 12+20=30+2 Construction of Regular Polyhedra Using Equilateral Triangle

  19. Octahedron Tetrahedron Icosahedron Platonic Solids

  20. Number of Triangles About each Vertex Number of Faces (F) Number of Edges (E) Number of Vertices (V) Euler Formula V + F = E + 2 3 4 6 4 4+4=6+2 4 8  12  6 6+8=12+2 5 20 30 12 12+20=30+2 6 Construction of Regular Polyhedra Using Equilateral Triangle

  21. Number of Triangles About each Vertex Number of Faces (F) Number of Edges (E) Number of Vertices (V) Euler Formula V + F = E + 2 3 4 6 4 4+4=6+2 4 8  12  6 6+8=12+2 5 20 30 12 12+20=30+2 6 Construction of Regular Polyhedra Using Equilateral Triangle

  22. Number of Squares About each Vertex Number of Faces (F) Number of Edges (E) Number of Vertices (V) Euler Formula V + F = E + 2 3 Construction of Regular Polyhedra Using Squre

  23. Number of Squares About each Vertex Number of Faces (F) Number of Edges (E) Number of Vertices (V) Euler Formula V + F = E + 2 3 6 12 8 8+6=12+2 Construction of Regular Polyhedra Using Square

  24. Cube Octahedron Tetrahedron Icosahedron Platonic Solids

  25. Number of Squares about each Vertex Number of Faces (F) Number of Edges (E) Number of Vertices (V) Euler Formula V + F = E + 2 3 6 12 8 8+6=12+2 4 Construction of Regular Polyhedra Using Square

  26. Number of Squares about each Vertex Number of Faces (F) Number of Edges (E) Number of Vertices (V) Euler Formula V + F = E + 2 3 6 12 8 8+6=12+2 4 Construction of Regular Polyhedra Using Square

  27. Number of Pentagons about each Vertex Number of Faces (F) Number of Edges (E) Number of Vertices (V) Euler Formula V + F = E + 2 3 Construction of Regular Polyhedra Using Regular Pentagon

  28. Number of Pentagons about each Vertex Number of Faces (F) Number of Edges (E) Number of Vertices (V) Euler Formula V + F = E + 2 3 12 30 20 20+12=30+2 Construction of Regular Polyhedra Using Regular Pentagon

  29. Cube Octahedron Dodecahedron Tetrahedron Icosahedron Platonic Solids

  30. Number of Pentagons about each Vertex Number of Faces (F) Number of Edges (E) Number of Vertices (V) Euler Formula V + F = E + 2 3 12 30 20 20+12=30+2 4 Construction of Regular Polyhedra Using Regular Pentagon

  31. Number of Pentagons about each Vertex Number of Faces (F) Number of Edges (E) Number of Vertices (V) Euler Formula V + F = E + 2 3 12 30 20 20+12=30+2 4 Construction of Regular Polyhedra Using Regular Pentagon

  32. Number of Hexagons about each Vertex Number of Faces (F) Number of Edges (E) Number of Vertices (V) Euler Formula V + F = E + 2 3 Construction of Regular Polyhedra Using Regular Hexagon

  33. Number of Hexagons about each Vertex Number of Faces (F) Number of Edges (E) Number of Vertices (V) Euler Formula V + F = E + 2 3 Construction of Regular Polyhedra Using Regular Hexagon

  34. Cube Octahedron Dodecahedron Tetrahedron Icosahedron Platonic Solids ~There are only five platonic solids~

  35. Dual of a Regular Polyhedron We define the dual of a regular polyhedron to be another regular polyhedron, which is formed by connecting the centers of the faces of the original polyhedron

  36. The dual of the tetrahedron is the tetrahedron. Therefore, the tetrahedron is self-dual. The dual of the octahedron is the cube. The dual of the cube is the octahedron. The dual of the icosahedron is the dodecahedron. The dual of the dodecahedron is the icosahedron.

  37. Polyhedron Schläfli Symbol The Dual Number of Faces The Shape of Each Face Tetrahedron (3, 3) (3, 3) 4 Equilateral Triangle Hexahedron (4, 3) (3,4) 6 Square Octahedron (3,4) (4, 3) 8 Equilateral Triangle Dodecahedron (5, 3) (3, 5) 12 Regular Pentagon Icosahedron (3, 5) (5, 3) 20 Equilateral Triangle THE END!

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