Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)

1. Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Submission Title: [DS-UWB Proposal Update] Date Submitted: [May 2005] Source: [Matt Welborn] Company [Freescale Semiconductor, Inc] Address [8133 Leesburg Pike, Vienna VA 22182] Voice:[703-269-3000], FAX: [], E-Mail: [matt.welborn @ freescale.com] Re: [Response to Call for Proposals] Abstract: [] Purpose: [Provide technical information to the TG3a voters regarding DS-UWB (Merger #2) Proposal] Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15. Welborn (Freescale) et al.

2. Overview • The DS-UWB proposal • Proposal overview • True UWB = Scalability • Higher data rates • Higher power • Lower rates & longer ranges • Your support for the TG3a standard Welborn (Freescale) et al.

3. Key Features of DS-UWB • Based on true Ultra-wideband principles • Large fractional bandwidth signals in two different bands • Benefits from low fading due to wide bandwidth (>1.5 GHz) • Best relative performance at high data rates • An excellent combination of high performance and low complexity for WPAN applications • Support scalability to ultra-low power operation for short range very high rates using low-complexity implementations • Performance exceeds the Selection Criteria in all aspect • Better performance and lower power than any other proposal considered by TG3a • Excellent basis for operation under “gated UWB” rules Welborn (Freescale) et al.

4. DS-UWB Operating Bands Low Band High Band • Each piconet operates in one of two bands • Low band (below U-NII, 3.1 to 4.9 GHz) – Required to implement • High band (optional, above U-NII, 6.2 to 9.7 GHz) – Optional • Different “personalities”: propagation & bandwidth • Both have ~ 50% fractional bandwidth • Each band supports up to 6 different piconets 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 GHz GHz Welborn (Freescale) et al.

5. Data Rate FEC Rate Code Length Symbol Rate 28 Mbps ½ 24 55 MHz 55 Mbps ½ 12 110 MHz 110 Mbps ½ 6 220 MHz 220 Mbps ½ 3 440 MHz 330 Mbps ½ 2 660 MHz 500 Mbps ¾ 2 660 MHz 660 Mbps 1 2 660 MHz 1000 Mbps ¾ 1 1320 MHz Data Rates Supported by DS-UWB (Similar Modes defined for high band – up to 2 Gbps) Welborn (Freescale) et al.

6. Range for 110 and 220 Mbps Welborn (Freescale) et al.

7. Range for 500 and 660 Mbps • This result if for code length = 1, rate ½ k=6 FEC • Additional simulation details and results in 15-04-483-r5 Welborn (Freescale) et al.

8. DS-UWB: The Best Solution • We have presented a proposal superior to any others considered by TG3a • Lower complexity • Higher performance • Satisfies all 15.3a applications requirements to 1+ Gbps • Scalable to other application spaces and regulatory requirements • Multi-Gbps for uncompressed video/transfer applications • Low rate/low complexity applications – many DS-type approaches are under consideration by TG4a • Compliant with all established regulations & proposed regulations • Lowest interference effects for other systems • OOB emissions well below any proposed limits • Capability to support other regulatory restrictions Welborn (Freescale) et al.

9. Scalability • Higher data rates • Longer ranges & higher capacity • Low power consumption Welborn (Freescale) et al.

10. Performance at High Rates (1 Gbps) • DS-UWB has multiple modes (with FEC) supporting 1+ Gbps (2 bands) • Simulations in different AWGN and multipath channel conditions • This is the only proposal considered by TG3a that has demonstrated the capability to satisfy this 1 Gbps requirement from the SG3a CFAs & TG3a Requirements Document • No MIMO or higher order modulation (e.g. 16-QAM) is required *CM 6 is a modification of CM1 with 3 ns RMS delay spread – details in doc 05/051r1 Welborn (Freescale) et al.

11. The Advantages of Higher Data Rates • The new provisions for gated UWB systems create an even greater advantage for high rate systems • Before, only applications that needed highest rates at short range were affected by effectiveness of high rate modes • High speed file transfer, uncompressed video, etc. • Now, every application can be improved through the use of efficient high rate modes • Those requiring longer ranges operate at lower duty cycle and send the same data in less time • As UWB technology matures, systems will be designed to transfer data at highest supported data rates • Maximizes network capacity for supporting more applications • No transmit power penalty – range trade-off is completely changed • Technologies that do not scale will be left behind or will be limited in their ability to provide the performance Welborn (Freescale) et al.

12. Gated UWB will Change UWB Trade-Offs • Represents a change in fundamental UWB system design trade-offs • Significant incentive for designers to use lower duty cycle to increase transmit power • Increases network capacity “for free” • Requires scaling to higher data rates to enable low duty cycle • All waveforms do not benefit equally from the gated UWB provisions • Requires scaling to higher data rates without loss of efficiency or performance • Any waveform that already has high peak requirements could preclude efficient operation as a gated UWB system • DS-UWB is ideally suited to support gated UWB operation and benefit from the many system-level advantages it can provide Welborn (Freescale) et al.

13. Key System Level Issue: Scalability • Scalability to higher data rates and higher transmit power is essential to realize the benefits of low duty cycle operation • This is the “Sweet Spot” for gated UWB performance • Allows increased network capacity • Like “creating” free additional spectrum • Support more applications with little impact to network • Without sacrificing power efficiency • Higher Eb/No requirements preclude benefits of gating • Ultimate scalability depends on instantaneous signal bandwidth Welborn (Freescale) et al.

14. Gating Analysis • Decrease duty cycle and increase power • Simple model assumptions: • N devices using equal data rates at equal range, RApp • Network capacity = Number of devices x Application rate = DNet= N x DApp • Devices have maximum data rate DMax • Path loss scales as 1/Rn, assume n=2 to 3 • Questions • How can we increase network capacity & range? • How can we reduce device power consumption? Welborn (Freescale) et al.

15. Shared Duty Cycle Operation for UWB Applications -41.25 dBm/MHz RMS over 1ms Power limit +10 dB +6 dB TV App1 TV Application 1 TV Application 1 1 ms Integration Time • New regulations for gating provide system flexibility • Multiple ways to send same data over same range • Each has same total energy emitted into the air, but • Higher data rates allow more total network capacity • Also enables lower power solution for handheld applications • Gated operation can deliver lower overall power consumption Welborn (Freescale) et al.

16. Effects of Packet Overhead • Packet networks have fixed overhead that impacts scaling as data rate increases • Preamble & headers • As rate increases with gating, duty cycle (DC) decrease is limited by fixed overhead DC100 = (TOH + TData)/TAve DC200 = (TOH + ½TData)/TAve TOH TData Welborn (Freescale) et al.

17. Increasing Application Range Performance • Requirement: support N devices at DApp • Question: How much can gating increase the range? • Assumptions • Operate each device at rate of DDev= N x DApp @ range RD • Gating at < 1 ms allows Tx power increase • Data duty cycle, DC = DApp/DDev = 1/N, so power increases N times • Range increases beyond RD: Welborn (Freescale) et al.

18. Range Performance Increases with Gating Systems Range Performance with Gating using 15 dB Peak Margin Device Rate (Mbps) Range Performance Increase Application Data Rate (Mbps) Welborn (Freescale) et al.

19. Range Performance Increases with Gating Systems – Including 15 usec Packet Overhead Range Performance with Gating using 15 dB Peak Margin Device Rate (Mbps) Range Performance Increase Application Data Rate (Mbps) Welborn (Freescale) et al.

20. Range Performance Increases with Gating Systems Range Performance with Gating using 6 dB Peak Margin Device Rate (Mbps) Range Performance Increase Application Data Rate (Mbps) Welborn (Freescale) et al.

21. Conclusion on Range Performance • Model of fixed bit rate (~1-100 Mbps) matches many applications • Steaming multimedia, file transfer, etc. • Performance increases are significant with gating, as high as 3-5 times greater range • Depends on path loss exponent • Depends on peak power margin • Depends on ability to scale to higher rates • Not impacted significantly by fixed packet overhead for most applications Welborn (Freescale) et al.

22. Radio turned on and off during transfer of data to/from mobile device memory to minimize energy use POn Radio “ON” Power ` Radio “Sleep” Power PSleep Radio “OFF” Time How a Fast Radio Saves Power forMobile Devices • The UWB radio is turned on & off to transfer packets of data • “On” time is a function of data rate • Radio sleeps during data transfer to/from handset memory • Total energy consumed from battery is the “area” under the curve Welborn (Freescale) et al.

23. Conclusions & Your Support • DS-UWB technology provides the best design for TG3a to be a successful standard • The recent ruling to allow gating has fundamentally changed the UWB landscape • DS-UWB is uniquely situated to benefit • We invite your support for DS-UWB during the confirmation vote on Wednesday Welborn (Freescale) et al.