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Understanding Experimental Research Design: Methods, Validity, and Practical Considerations

This resource provides an in-depth exploration of experimental research design, including key topics such as causal relationships, ethical limitations, and the necessity of manipulation to ensure valid results. It covers various experimental designs, including preexperimental and quasi-experimental methodologies, and emphasizes the importance of internal and external validity. Readers will learn about critical aspects such as random assignment, control groups, and effective data analysis. This comprehensive overview is essential for researchers aiming to conduct rigorous experiments in social sciences.

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Understanding Experimental Research Design: Methods, Validity, and Practical Considerations

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  1. Social Research Methods MAN-10 Erlan Bakiev, Ph. D Experimental Research

  2. Types of Research Questions • Causal relationships • Ethical and practical limitations • Capable of manipulation conditions • Narrow in scope • Confounding variables • Generally good for micro-level data • Convention

  3. History of Experimental Design • Wilhelm M. Wundt (1832-1920) • Behaviorism • Quantification • Introduction of anonymity • Applied research

  4. Random Assignment

  5. Random Sampling

  6. How to Random Assign

  7. Matching vs. Random Assignment • Matching • Random Assignment

  8. Experimental Design LogicLanguage of Experiments • Subjects • Treatment • Pretest • Posttest • Experimental group • Control group

  9. Experimental Design LogicSteps in an Experiment • Hypothesis • Choose a design • Design experiment • How to introduce IV • How to measure DV • Locate subjects • Randomly assign subjects • Gather pretest data • Run experiment • Introduce treatment • Measure DV • Gather posttest data • Debrief • Analyze data

  10. Experimental Design LogicControl in Experiments • Controlling all aspects of the experiment • Deception • Confederate

  11. Classical Experimental Design

  12. Preexperimental Design

  13. Quasi-experimental Design • Two-Group Posttest-Only • Interrupted Time Series • Equivalent Time Series • Latin Square • Solomon Four-Group • Factorial

  14. Quasi-experimental Design

  15. Internal and External Validity

  16. Internal Validity • Threats to internal validity • Selection bias • History • Maturation • Testing • Instrumentation • Experimental mortality • Statistical regression

  17. Internal Validity • Threats to internal validity • Diffusion of treatment • Compensatory behavior • Experimenter expectancy • Double-blind/Single-blind • Demand characteristics • Placebo effect • Manipulation check

  18. External Validity • Population generalization • Naturalistic generalization • Mundane realism • Reactivity • Hawthorne effect • Theoretical generalization • Experimental realism

  19. External Validity

  20. Practical Considerations • Planning and pilot tests • Instructions to subjects • Postexperiment interview • Debrief

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