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The Civil War

The Civil War. Review: How’d we get here? From Compromise to Crisis. Southern Secession. For many southerners, the last straw was Lincoln’s election to President in 1860. Led by South Carolina, several southern states leave the Union. The United States of America The Union Yankees

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The Civil War

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  1. The Civil War

  2. Review: How’d we get here?From Compromise to Crisis

  3. Southern Secession • For many southerners, the last straw was Lincoln’s election to President in 1860. • Led by South Carolina, several southern states leave the Union.

  4. The United States of America The Union Yankees Billy Yank Goal - Preserve the Union President – Abraham Lincoln The Confederate States of America The Confederacy Rebels Johnny Reb Goal - Independence President – Jefferson Davis North vs. South

  5. North vs. South Pres. Abraham Lincoln Pres. Jefferson Davis

  6. The Anaconda Plan aimed to divide and strangle the south by: Blockading Confederate ports Sending gunboats down the Mississippi River Capture the Confederate capital of Richmond Planned a defensive war of attrition by: Attacking and retreating when necessary to avoid heavy losses Forcing the Union to spend its resources until it became tired StrategyNorth South

  7. Anaconda Plan

  8. Soldiers • Army splits as Southerners feel loyal to home states • Many officers fought together and gained experience during War with Mexico • Many soldiers on both sides had never been more than a few miles from home • Northern soldiers fight to preserve Union; Southern soldiers fight Northern aggression • http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-8374525609478249503#

  9. Fort Sumter (April 1861) • 1st battle of Civil War started when Lincoln attempted to resupply the federal military base • Confederates attacked the fort for 33 hours • Confederate victory  Led Lincoln to mobilize troops “Our Southern brethren have done grievous wrong. They have rebelled and have attacked their father’s house and their loyal brothers. They must be punished and brought back, but this necessity breaks my heart.” --Major Robert Anderson after surrender

  10. First Battle of Bull Run

  11. First Battle of Bull Run (July 1861) • Union army attacked Confederate troops about 25 mi from D.C. • Confederates started to retreat but General Thomas Jackson comes with reinforcements – earns the nickname “Stonewall” • Union soldiers chased from the field, retreat all the way to D.C. • SIGNIFICANCE: Knew it would not be a short war and Lincoln needs troops

  12. “There stands Jackson like a stonewall” – Gen. Bee

  13. Made U.S. commander after Bull Run Brilliant trainer Slow to action Frustrated Lincoln Always felt he needed more men before he could attack Lincoln said he had a case of “the slows” George McClellan

  14. West Point graduate Failure as farmer, bill collector, real estate agent, store clerk Decisive military commander Ulysses “Unconditional Surrender” Grant Ulysses S. Grant

  15. Gave up command of Union army to defend home state of Virginia Became commander of Confederate army Against secession Brilliant military commander Robert E. Lee

  16. Battle of Antietam (Sept 1862) • South tried to invade the north • Bloodiest single day in American history with 6,000 men killed and 16,000 wounded • Crucial victory for the Union  • with this loss, the South could not gain international recognition and support • Lincoln decides to issue Emancipation Proclamation and END SLAVERY in the SOUTH

  17. Confederate dead at Antietam – bloodiest day in U.S. history

  18. “The war is eating my life. I have a strong impression that I will not live to see its end.” - Abraham Lincoln

  19. Emancipation Proclamation • What was it? --a military order to free all slaves in areas of open rebellion effective 1/1/1863. • Impact on the Civil War? • Transforms the meaning of the war from a war to preserve the Union AND FREE SLAVES! • Opened up the opportunity for African-Americans to fight for their own freedom! • Example = Massachusetts 54th.

  20. 54th Massachusetts (1863-1865)

  21. Britain keeps a policy of neutrality. John Tennial - Cartoonist “Abe Lincoln's Last Card; Or, Rouge-et-Noir.” Punch, Volume 43, October 18, 1862, p. 161 http://www.arthist.umn.edu/aict/Tennielweb/punch/621018.html Foreign Policy of the United States and the Confederate States

  22. Women Supporting the War • As economies shifted, women replaced men on the farms and in the factors • 3000+ women served as nurses during the war, including Clara Barton: • Worked on the front lines as a nurse • Established the American Red Cross during the war

  23. Battle of Vicksburg (May 1863) • Union troops aimed to win at Vicksburg to control the Mississippi River • Union General Grant took Vicksburg after a long siege, starving Confederate troops until they surrendered. • Union now controlled the Mississippi River. Look at your map! In what state is Vicksburg located?

  24. Battle of Gettysburg (July 1863) Confederates again tried to invade the north The largest battle ever in the Western Hemisphere! Turning Point in War bc: 1. Proved Lee could be beaten (lost 1/3 of his entire force). 2. Confederates would never again invade the north.

  25. Gettysburg Address • On Nov 19, 1863 a cemetery was dedicated for those who lost their life in battle • University President Edmund Everett speaks first… for almost 2 hours. • Lincoln speaks next… for just over 2 minutes • His words forever change American history…

  26. The Gettysburg Address Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can not hallow -- this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

  27. Gettysburg Address Reading 1. Circle or underline a quote from the Gettysburg Address that you think BEST captures the spirit of the speech. 2. From what document does Lincoln receive the inspiration for this Address? Why does he choose this document? Explain. 3. Why does Lincoln say that we can not consecrate (make holy) this ground? 4. What beliefs about the United States does Lincoln express in this speech?

  28. Sherman’s March to the Sea (1864-5) • Union Gen. Grant gave William Sherman command of military division with orders to inflict “all the damage you can against their war resource” • Purpose was to make Southerners understand the horrors of war and pressure them to give in to the struggle • Sherman’s troops cut a path of destruction 60 miles wide and 300 miles long from Atlanta to Savannah, Georgia

  29. Surrender at Appomatox (April 1865) • Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse, VA on April 9, 1865. • Grant’s terms of surrender: 1. US would not prosecute Confederate soldiers for treason 2. Grant ordered rations for Lee’s army and let them go home with their horses.

  30. “The war is over; the rebels are our country men again.” – Ulysses S. Grant • “Thank God I have lived to see this. I have been having a nightmare for four years, and now the nightmare is over.” – Abraham Lincoln …Terms were generous… …But the south was still in tatters…

  31. Lincoln Assassinated • Only 5 days after the end of the war, Lincoln was shot by John Wilkes Booth • Booth thought that killing Lincoln would somehow save the Confederacy • Seven million people (1/3 the Union population) turned out to pay their respects as Lincoln’s body was carried from Washington to Springfield, IL by train

  32. Reconstruction • The period after the rebuilding of the Civil War, lasted from 1865-1877 • Lincoln wanted plans easy on the South • Introduced pardoning Confederates if they swear allegiance to the Union • Called for a state to be readmitted into the Union as soon as 10% of states voters swore allegiance to the nation

  33. Lincoln’s Plan for Reconstruction “With malice [hatred] toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation’s wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and orphan, to do all which may achieve and cherish [hold dear] a just and lasting peace.” – Abraham Lincoln, Inaugural Address (1865)

  34. Radical Republicans • A small group of Republicans who: • Thought Lincoln’s plan was too easy on South • Wanted to punish the South for war • Wanted to give African Americans the right to vote

  35. “A Man Knows A Man” - Harpers Weekly (p 265) April 22, 1865 “A Man Knows A Man”

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