Choosing Wellness: Aspects of Health & Determinants of Wellness

1. CHAPTER 1 CHOOSING WELLNESS

2. A. ASPECTS OF HEALTH HEALTH – The well being of your body, your mind and your relationship with others • PHYSICAL HEALTH 2. MENTAL HEALTH 3. SOCIAL HEALTH 4. SPIRITUAL HEALTH

3. B. WHAT DETERMINES HEALTH AND WELLNESS • HEREDITY – ALL THE TRAITS THAT ARE PASSED ON BIOLOGICALLY FROM PARENT TO CHILD. • PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT – CLIMATE, AIR POLLUTION, WATER POLLUTION, LOUD NOISE • HOME • SCHOOL • COMMUNITY

4. SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT a. FAMILY b. FRIENDS c. OTHER PEOPLE YOU SPEND TIME WITH • CULTURE – ALL THE IDEAS AND CUSTOMS AND WAYS OF LIVING THAT CHARACTERIZE A PARTICULAR GROUP OF PEOPLE

5. C. YOU AND YOUR HEALTH • THE ILLNESS-WELLNESS CONTINUUM – A SLIDING SCALE THAT ILLUSTRATES YOUR OVER ALL LEVEL OF WELLNESS • RISK BEHAVIORS – ACTIONS THAT INCREASE THE CHANCES OF A HARMFUL OUTCOME • TOBACCO USE • ALCOHOL AND OTHER DRUG USE • UNHEALTHY EATING HABITS • PHYSICAL INACTIVITY • SEXUAL BEHAVIORS

6. Wellness Behaviors - Positive role models - Positive values - Abstinence - Setting goals - Problem solving skills - Coping - Resisting peer pressure - Using community resources - Making responsible decisions

7. CHAPTER 2 YOUR PERSONALITY

8. Personality and Mental Health • Describing Personality - Personality consists of the traits that make him or her different from everyone else 1. Traits - Behaviors - Attitudes - Feelings - Ways of thinking

9. B. The Healthy Personality 1. Mental Health – is the state of being comfortable with yourself, with others and with your surroundings. - Realistic about strengths and weaknesses - Able to take on the responsibilities of daily living - Caring toward themselves and others - Able to handle disappointments and learn from them - Able to feel enjoyment and a sense of achievement

10. C. How is Personality Formed? 1. Heredity 2. Environment - Socialization-the process by which children learn from people close to them about feelings, attitudes and appropriate ways of behaving - Modeling-copy behavior of others - Conditioning-being rewarded for desirable behavior and punished for undesirable behavior

11. D. Your Self-Concept - Self-concept is the physical and mental picture you have of yourself and your place in the world. Includes all the beliefs that you have about yourself. 1. Public Self – the way you want others to see you 2. Private Self – the real you or the way you are when you are alone

12. Theories of Personality A. Sigmund Freud Believed personality is shaped by early childhood experiences or conflicts Personality is made of 3 parts 1. Id – consists of biological urges i.e. – hunger, thirst and physical pleasure 2. Ego – thoughtful, decision-making part of personality 3. Super Ego – knowledge of right and wrong (conscience)

13. Mind operates at 2 levels 1. Conscious thought – Aware of 2. Unconscious thought – Not aware of - a forgotten childhood event - push unpleasant or frightening thoughts into the unconscious thought - Influences an individual’s personality - Undergo psychoanalysis to unlock memories

14. B. Erik Erikson Believed people continue to develop socially and psychologically up until their death 8 Stages of Development 1. B-18m – Trust vs. Mistrust ex. Feeding 2. 18m-3yrs – Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt ex. Toilet training 3. 3-6yrs – Initiative vs. Guilt ex. Independence 4. 7-12yrs – Industry vs. Inferiority ex. School 5. 13-19yrs – Identity vs. Role Confusion ex. Adolescence 6. 20-40yrs – Intimacy vs. Isolation ex. Love relationship 7. 41-64yrs – Generativity vs. Stagnation ex. Parenting 8. 65-Death – Ego Integrity vs. Despair ex. Reflection on life

15. C. Abraham Maslow • Strive to be all that she or he can be • Reach self-actualization Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

17. Self-Actualized Person • Realistic • Accepting • Spontaneous • Independent • Appreciative of life • Capable of loving others • Fair, unprejudiced • Creative • Hardworking

18. UNDERSTANDING YOUR EMOTIONS Emotion – A reaction to a situation or event that involves a person’s mind, body and ways of behaving • Love – Give and receive love; expressed through words, actions, facial expressions, touch, gifts • Happiness • Sadness • Anger – Need to handle in constructive ways • Fear – Body prepares itself for what it might need to do Rational – Are helpful Irrational – Phobias; prevent you from enjoying life • Guilt – Emotional response when you’ve done something wrong;can motivate you to make positive changes • Empathy – the ability to imagine and understand how someone else feels

19. Handling Emotions in Healthful Ways • Look Below the surface of your emotion • Ask yourself, “does it really matter?” • Think before you act • Listen to your feelings. Could be a sign of danger • Use positive feelings to inspire you. Use negative feelings to motivate you to change 6. You are not alone

20. Defense MechanismsStrategies used to cope with emotions • Repression – Bury below the surface • Rationalization – Make excuses • Denial – Lack of acknowledgement • Displacement – Transferring of an emotion to an innocent person or object • Regression – Go backwards

21. Managing Anger • Rechannel your anger in positive ways • Get away by yourself • Talk to a friend or a family member • Write down your feelings • Punch a pillow

22. VOCAB WORDS • LIFESTYLE – The way or style in which you choose to live your life. • ENVIRONMENT- All your surroundings and the influence they have on you. • WELLNESS- The well-being of your body, mind and relationships with others. • ILLNESS-WELLNESS CONTINUUM- A sliding scale that illustrates your overall level of wellness. • HOLISTIC- Whole • RISK BEHAVIOR- Actions that increase the chances of a harmful outcome • HEREDITY- All the traits passed on biologically from parent to child.

23. 8. HABIT- A pattern of behavior that has become automatic and hard to change. 9. CULTURE- All the ideas, customs and ways of living that characterize a group of people 10. OPTIMUM HEALTH- The highest level of wellness 11. PERSONALITY- All the traits that make people different from everyone else 12. SUPEREGO- The part of a person’s personality that distinguishes between right and wrong 13. UNCONSCIOUS THOUGHT- A thought of which a person is not aware, but which affects a person’s behavior 14. SELF-CONCEPT- The physical and mental picture you have of yourself 15. MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS- An ordering of a person’s needs from most basic to self-actualization 16. SELF-ACTUALIZATION- Reaching one’s full potential 17. SELF-ESTEEM- The degree to which one likes oneself or feels good about oneself 18. EMOTION- A reaction to a situation that involves a person’s mind, body and ways of behaving 19. DISPLACEMENT- Transferring an emotion, such as anger, to an innocent person or object. 20. COPING STRATEGY- A conscious or unconscious way of dealing with a strong feeling.

24. TYPES OF MENTAL DISORDERS • ORGANIC DISORDER – Physical illness or an injury that affects the brain. Ex. Brain Tumors, Alcoholism, Stroke • FUNCTIONAL DISORDER–Psychological illness 1. Anxiety Disorders – illness in which real, imagined or persistent fears prevent a person from enjoying life. * Phobias – Acrophobia – a fear of heights

25. * Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder – Obsession – letting an idea or thought take over their mind A person with an obsession that leads to a compulsion, an unreasonable need to behave in a certain way, has an OCD. * Panic Disorder – Person feels anxious or fearful * Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder – A person has experienced or witnessed a traumatic event and now suffers from flashbacks or nightmares.

26. 2. Somatoform Disorder – A mental disorder in which person complains of physical symptoms, such as pain, but there is no underlying cause for the symptoms *Hypochondria – Convinced they are suffering from some disease 3. Affective Disorder – Mood Disorder * Clinical Depression – feelings of sadness, hopelessness or despair that last for more than a few weeks. * Bipolar Disorder or Manic Depression – Extreme mood swings between happiness and sadness.

27. 4. Personality Disorders – Psychological conditions that affect a person’s ability to get along with others. * Antisocial Personality Disorder – Person does not care about other people’s needs or society’s rules. * Schizophrenia – Split mind Unpredictable disturbances in thinking, mood, awareness and behavior. Hallucinate, hear voices, talk to themselves and are paranoid and lack emotion.

28. Suicide Warning Signs • Feelings of hopelessness • Preoccupation with death • Anxiety and tension • Alcohol or other drug use • Withdrawal from family and friends • Abrupt changes in behavior • Changes in sleeping and eating habits

29. Statements like “I wish I were dead,” or “You’d be better off without me.” • Purchase of a weapon, pills, or other suspicious items • Giving away prized possessions

30. Treating Mental DisordersPromote Your own Mental Health • Express your feelings to others • Set realistic goals for yourself • Recognize your strengths as well as your weaknesses • Accept your shortcomings • Show respect for yourself and others • Keep a list of things you enjoy and things you do well

31. Maintain friendships • Reward yourself when you achieve a goal • Get enough sleep and eat healthy • Practice behaving in an independent & responsible way • Handle problems when they come up • Try to do your best but don’t expect to be perfect • Be honest with yourself and others • Avoid alcohol and drugs

32. Warning signs of Mental Illness • A sudden, radical change in personality • Self-destructive actions; overeating, undereating, alcohol or drug use • Violent, uncontrollable shifts in mood • Persistent feelings of worthlessness or helplessness • Depression • Sleep disturbances • Inability to concentrate • Trouble getting along with others

33. Getting HelpKinds of Professional Help • Psychiatrist – a medical doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating mental disorders and canprescribe medications. Deals with mental, emotional and behavioral disorders of the mind. • Psychotherapy – an ongoing dialogue between the patient and psychiatrist designed to get to the root of the problem and find a solution. • Psychoanalysis – analysis of a patients past. Used to determine the early roots of a mental problem. • Medical Psychotherapy – Use of medications

34. Neurologist– Physician who specializes in organic disorders of the brain and nervous system. Ex. Brain Tumor • Psychologist – Diagnoses and treats emotional and behavioral disorders but can’tprescribe medications. • Counselors– School Counselors – personal or educational matters Pastoral Counselor – ministers, priests and rabbi Addiction Counselors – special certification & training 5. Psychiatric Social Workers – Do fieldwork

35. Vocabulary Words 1. Stress – Reaction of the body and mind to something in everyday life 2. Type A Personality – Personality that is competitive, driven to achieve 3. Creative Visualization – Method of using the imagination to cope with stress 4. Adrenaline – A substance that produces a burst of energy in the body 5. Eustress – Good Stress, Produces positive effects 6. Relaxation – The state of which the mind and body are at rest 7. Ulcer – Open sore in the lining of the stomach usually caused by stress 8. Phobia – Anxiety about a specific situation or object 9. Anorexia – A mental disorder characterized by severe weight loss due to the refusal to eat

36. 10. Clinical Depression – A mental disorder in which a person is overwhelmed by sadness 11. Schizophrenia – Severe mental disorder characterized by unpredictable disturbances in thinking, mood, awareness and behavior 12. Somatoform Disorder – A mental disorder in which patients suffer from symptoms such as pain but have no underlying physical cause 13. Organic Disorder – A physical illness or injury that affects the brain 14. Psychiatrists – Medical doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders and CAN prescribe medication 15. Psychotherapy – an ongoing dialogue between the patient and psychiatrist designed to get to the root of the problem and find a solution