Exploring Animal Cell Parts: Functions and Structures

1. Cell Parts Ms. Ethridge, Ms. Milstead, Ms. Myers, Ms. Palermo

3. Objectives • Identify the cell parts of an animal. • Focus on the functions of the cell parts.

4. The Parts of the Cell

5. Cytoplasm- fluid filled interior of cell- suspends cell organelles

6. The Nucleus 

7. Nucleus • Surrounded by a nuclear envelope with nuclear pores • Contains the genetic information (DNA) which exists as chromatin in a non-dividing cell • Controls all cell activities • Nucleolus • In the center of the nucleus • Produces the ribosomes

8. Cell Membrane • The thin layer of protein and fat that surrounds the cell. The cell membrane is semi permeable, allowing some substances to pass into the cell and blocking others.

10. Chromosomes • Eukaryotes (cells with nuclei such as those found in plants, yeast, and animals) possess multiple large linear chromosomes contained in the cell's nucleus. • In the nuclear chromosomes of eukaryotes, the uncondensed DNA exists in a semi-ordered structure, where it is wrapped around histones (structural proteins), forming a composite material called chromatin.

11. Mitochondria - Produces cellular energy in the form of ATP through a process called cellular respiration (metabolizes glucose)

12. Figure 4.17

13. Ribosomes -site of protein synthesis -links amino acids together to form proteins

14. EndoplasmicReticulum- transport system within the cell- transport cell materials- two types: rough (with ribosomes) and smooth

15. Rough ER -has ribosomes which give it its "rough" appearance-functions in protein synthesis Smooth ER -mostly contains enzymes that function in lipid synthesis)

16. Figure 4.10a

17. GolgiApparatus --flattened stacks of membranes --collects, packages and modifies cell materials to be used in other parts of the cell or transported out of the cell

19. Lysosomes -digests and recycles old cell parts, sometimes bacteria -contain high levels of enzymes

21. Vacuole • mainly storage of water in plant cells, some waste - some animal cells have small vacuoles

22. Centrioles - used during cell division to move and separate chromosomes • only found in animal cells

23. Figure 4.7a

24. Figure 4.13

25. Figure 4.16

26. Figure 4.17a

27. a.  ________________ b.  ________________ c.  _________________ d.  _________________ e.  _________________ f.  __________________ f.

28. Objectives • Identify the cell parts of an animal. • Focus on the functions of the cell parts.