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The Executive Branch

The Executive Branch. Chapter 13—The Executive Office. Objectives: Student will learn The roles of the President The qualifications Length of term Pay and Benefits How the constitution provides for presidential succession

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The Executive Branch

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  1. The Executive Branch

  2. Chapter 13—The Executive Office • Objectives: Student will learn • The roles of the President • The qualifications • Length of term • Pay and Benefits • How the constitution provides for presidential succession • Understand the constitutional provisions relating to presidential disability • Describe the role of Vice-President • Standards12SSAG4 • Analyze Article II of the Constitution and relate it to the executive branch including • Eligibility for office and length of term, • Election to and removed from office, • The oath of office, veto power, Executive Privilege • Enumerated executive powers

  3. Presidential Roles • The president must do all his jobs at once.

  4. Chief of State • Is the Ceremonial head of the country • He is the symbol of the people

  5. Chief Executive • Is both domestic and foreign in scope. • S/he is the most powerful person on earth.

  6. Chief Administrator • Harry Truman said he spent too much of his time “flattering, kissing, and kicking people to do what they were supposed to do anyway!” • Director of the government • Employees nearly 3 million people.

  7. Chief Diplomat • The President is the chief architect of our foreign policy. • Congress must approve treaties and anything he does but he’s the one who faces the world for us first. Winston Churchill, President Roosevelt and Joseph Stalin (U.S.S.R.) at the end of WWII

  8. Commander-in-Chief of the Military • Our Founding Fathers thought it important to have a civilian head of the military as balance. • The president is that person.

  9. Chief Legislator • The president initiates, suggests, requests, insists and demands legislation from Congress. • (But CANNOT make laws himself…)

  10. Chief of the (political) Party • Although political parties are not mentioned in the Constitution, much of a president’s success comes from how he acts in this role. • Obama’s success started at the 2004 Democratic Convention

  11. Chief Citizen • The president is expected to represent everyone and be “above” everyday misbehaviors. • This is why they went so viciously after Clinton. • Franklin Roosevelt summed it up: “The presidency is not merely an administrative office. That is the least of it. It is preeminently a place of moral leadership.”

  12. Qualifications • Must be • 35 years old • A natural born citizen • Resident of the U.S. for at least 14 years Youngest elected –John F. Kennedy —1961 (43 years old) Theodore Roosevelt succeeded to the presidency at 42 years old (1901-09) • Ronald Reagan was the oldest elected (69) and oldest to serve (77)

  13. The Term of the President • 4 years, 8 total • If a VP succeeds, he may serve 2 years then be elected twice for no more than 10 years. • John Tyler was the 1st VP to become President in 1841. • Franklin Roosevelt served the longest (elected 4 times, served 13 years before he died.) • William H. Harrison (1840) served the shortest time (32 days) and was the oldest (until Reagan) --67

  14. The Oath of Office "I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States."

  15. President Lincoln, 1865

  16. FYI—Who wants to be a millionaire? • Franklin Pierce was the only president known to use the word affirm rather than swear. • Theodore Rooseveltdid not use a Bible when taking the oath in 1901. • Dwight D. Eisenhower, Harry S. Truman, and Richard Nixonswore the oath on two Bibles. • John Quincy Adamsswore on a book of law. • Lyndon B. Johnson was sworn in on a Roman Catholic missalon Air Force One. • Washington kissed the Bible afterwards, and subsequent presidents followed suit, up to Harry Truman,but… • Dwight D. Eisenhowerbroke that tradition by saying his own prayer instead of kissing the Bible

  17. Pay and Benefits • $400,000 per year, including a $50,000 expense allowance. • Plus, housing, offices, planes, private resort, medical care, and many more… • a lifetime, taxable pension -- $193,400 in 2009 • The Secret Service provides lifetime protection for former presidents who entered office before January 1, 1997, and for their spouses

  18. Order of succession: • If the president dies or is removed from office, the following is who would follow (and in the order they would do so): • Vice president (Joe Biden) • Speaker of the House—(John Boehner) • President ProTem of the Senate (Dan Inouye –D-Hawaii) • Secretary of State (Hillary Clinton) • And on down the cabinet list in order they were established.

  19. The Vice President • Must have all the qualifications of the president. • See chart on p. 362 for those who succeeded to the presidency. • Selected now to help balance a political ticket and get the president elected. • Has many more responsibilities today than in the early years. • Salary--$193,400 in 2009

  20. Office of the Vice President • A tinkling chandelier bothered Theodore Roosevelt. “Take it to the office of the Vice President. He doesn’t have anything to do. It will keep him awake.”

  21. A Vice President’s Responsibilities • Be prepared to step into the office of the president; • Preside as President of the Senate; • Vote in case of a tie • Help decide in cases of presidential disability; • Today they act more in the role of advisors and are more visible.

  22. Amendments Affecting The Executive Branch 12th Amendment --1804 20th Amendment--1933 Moved the inauguration of the President from March to January. • Requires the ballots for President and vice-President be separate. This would put them in the same political party. • (prior to that—who got the most was president, 2nd most was vice-president. )

  23. Amendments affecting the Executive Branch 22nd Amendment --1947 25th amendment--1967 allows for president to temporarily step down if disabled, then take the office back. Must be done in writing President may voluntarily step down or Congress and VP may deem him incapacitated. Reagan—1985; George W. Bush 2002. • limits the presidential terms to 2. • (Had always relied on the tradition that George Washington set)

  24. Watergate 1971-74 and the fall of a President • Watergate was a hotel in Washington D.C. where the Democratic headquarters was. • Before the 1972 election, people broke in to steal information. • They eventually were linked to the White House. • Guilty people began to be tracked down and convicted……

  25. Vice President Spiro Agnew was convicted of tax evasion and he resigned. • Richard Nixon appointed Gerald Ford as Vice President. • Nixon resigns before impeachment • Ford succeeds then pardons him. Many people go to prison over Watergate but not Nixon.

  26. The shame was the Republicans won in a landslide—they didn’t need to steal information • Red are the states Republicans won; • Blue the Democrat. • Nixon won 520 of the 538 electoral votes. • He is the only President ever to resign.

  27. The Cabinet Members are Advisors • No president could be expected to be experts in all fields • So Washington had four men who would be “experts in the field” of: • Foreign Diplomacy—State Department • Managing the Money—Treasury Department • Legal proceedings—Attorney General • Our Country’s Defense—Defense Department • Others have been added as needed. Now there are 15 Departments.

  28. The Executive Branch Dept of Homeland Security

  29. 8. Harry S Truman 10. Dwight D. Eisenhower 9. James K Polk Led during the greatest period of prosperity in the history of the U.S. after WWII. (1952-1960) • Took over After FDR ended WWII. Made many tough decisions is dealing with the Communist Nations. • (1945-52) Completed the U.S. from coast to coast when he added new land. Also led us through the Mexican American War. Considered the best “one-term” president. (1840-44) Top 10 Presidents

  30. 5. Andrew Jackson Top 10 Presidents 7. Woodrow Wilson 6. Theodore Roosevelt Fought against the corrupt business of the time and started our 1st conservationist efforts. (1901-1909) Brought America to the International Stage by entering WWI. Tried to set up the first U.N. (1912-1920) • His election started the rise of the “common man.” VERY popular —but his decisions about the Native Americans were VERY controversial • (1828-1836)

  31. 3. George Washington 2. Franklin D. Roosevelt 4. Thomas Jefferson • Doubled the size of the young U.S. overnight by adding Louisiana. TJ fought for states rights but also knew the importance of a strong central government and balanced both well • (1800-1808) • Washington’s desire to give us a “citizen president” set the tone for every pres.to follow. Every decision he made was new so he laid a good foundation for the new country. • 1789-1797 • FDR was elected for 4 terms and led the country out of the great depression and World War II. His social program helped bring America back to prominence in the world. • 1932-1945

  32. 1.Abraham Lincoln When nation tried to divide itself, Mr. Lincoln’s leadership kept it together. His leadership during the war was one of no compromise—leading him to fire generals who did not do their job but he also knew, to save the country, it would have to be reunited and work together when it was over. Those were his plans when he was assassinated in 1865. His actions led to the abolition of slavery and a new industrial American. 1861-65

  33. The 10 Worst Presidents 10 Zachary Taylor—a rough, “ignorant/innocent/ brave war hero, he was not suited for the White House. Might have been able to stop a Civil War but died in office. (1848-50) 9. Herbert Hoover—elected just as the Great Depression started, he was a very poor communicator which just made his reputation even worse. (He was considered “mean spirited.”) Many of the policies he put into effect made the Depression worse. 1928-32 9. Richard Nixon’s uneven judgment, suspicious nature, was too much to overcome the political gifts he naturally had. When he attempted to help cover up the crimes of the Watergate scandal, he was forced to resign. 1968-73

  34. 8. William H. Harrison— (a war hero) being long winded at his inauguration cost him his life. 32 days after he signed in, he died of pneumonia. 1841 7. Ulysses S.Grant—the hero of the Civil War but he was no president. His terms in office were full of corruption—he didn’t get anything from it—he just didn’t see it. His attempts at Civil Rights and doing away with the KKK simply fade into all the bad that went on. 1868-76 • 6. John Tyler—Became president after Harrison died. Hated by his own party after he abandoned everything the it stood for. Supported slavery and secession. All the cabinet members resigned and there was talk of impeachment. Really a bad president!! 1841-44

  35. Can it get any worse?!?!?!? Yep!!

  36. 5. Millard Fillmore (who?) Fillmore followed Zachary Taylor to the office when he died. He compromised the country into the Civil War by not confronting issues. All his work did was put off the War. (1850-52) 4. Franklin Pierce (a war hero)wasn’t even nominated until the 49th ballot and was elected in a time of “peace” before the Civil War. But the slavery issue was not going away—Pierce added more slave states-the U.S. became more and more disruptive and he was not able to do anything to stop the madness. (his last living son was decapitated in a train accident 2 months before he took office--) 1852-56 3. Andrew Johnson—followed Lincoln to the office. He was a southerner who had stayed with the North—not a good person to have to make everyone “play nice” or “kiss and make up” after the war…a victim of the unpleasantness after the Civil War—First president to be impeached. 1865-68

  37. 2. Warren G Harding said of himself: I am not for this office and should not be here.” Who’s to argue? He allowed his friends to get rich in the government while he busied himself with the luxuries. He had a stroke and died. 1920-23 The Worst President? James Buchanan • Served as president before the Civil War—was weak, refused to confront secessionist and slave holders. (He thought he was doing what was Constitutionally right…) Thank you Mr. President for not helping stop the war. 1856-1860 (Only Bachelor president we have had)

  38. The Presidents Ranked Top to Bottom(US News and World Report) 1. Franklin D. Roosevelt 2. Theodore Roosevelt 3. Abraham Lincoln 4. George Washington 5. Thomas Jefferson 6. James Madison 7. James Monroe 8. Woodrow Wilson 9. Harry Truman 10. Dwight D. Eisenhower 11. John F. Kennedy 12. James K. Polk 13. William Clinton 14. Andrew Jackson 15. Barack Obama 16. Lyndon B. Johnson 17. John Adams 18. Ronald Reagan 19. John Quincy Adams 20. Grover Cleveland 21. William McKinley 22. George H. W. Bush 23. Martin Van Buren 24. William Howard Taft 25. Chester Arthur 26. Ulysses S. Grant 27. James Garfield 28. Gerald Ford 29. Calvin Coolidge 30. Richard Nixon 31. Rutherford B. Hayes 32. James Carter 33. Zachary Taylor 34. Benjamin Harrison 35. William Henry Harrison 36. Herbert Hoover 37. John Tyler 38. Millard Fillmore 39. George W. Bush 40. Franklin Pierce 41. Warren G. Harding 42. James Buchanan 43. Andrew Johnson 1-5 23-27 6-10 28-32 11-15 33-37 38-43 16-22

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