Period 3: Regional and Transregional Interactions 600 -1450 (20% of test)

1. Period 3: Regional and Transregional Interactions600 -1450 (20% of test) Key Concept 3.1: Expansion and Intensification of Communication Key Concept 3.2: Continuity and Innovation of State Forms and Their Interactions Key Concept 3.3: Increased Economic Productive Capacity and Its Consequences

2. Key Concept 3.1: Expansion and Intensification of Communication Improved transportation increased trade and intercultural exchanges -commercial networks were conduits for cultural, biological, and technological diffusion -greater interregional borrowing -luxury goods (silk, cotton, porcelain, spices, precious metals and gems, slaves, exotic animals) -caravans, credit, checks, banks -state sponsored facilitation of trade (Grand Canal, coins, Hanseatic League)

3. Key Concept 3.1: Expansion and Intensification of Communication -The Silk Roads -The Mediterranean Sea -The Trans-Saharan -Indian Ocean Basin -American Trade -Trade cities: Novgorod, Timbuktu, Swahili Coast, Hangzhou, Calicut, Baghdad, Malaka, Venice, Tenochtitlan, Cahokia

5. Silk Routes

7. Trans-Saharan Trade

9. Indian Ocean

10. Less dense • No wheel, large domesticated animals, large ships • Loose web, local and regionally focused

11. Trans-American trade

12. Mediterranean Circuits

14. Key Concept 3.1: Expansion and Intensification of Communication • Empires facilitated trade • -China (Tang, Song, Early Ming) • -Byzantine • -Islam (Caliphates) • -Mongol

15. Key Concept 3.1: Expansion and Intensification of Communication • Nomadic Migrations Vikings Turks Aztecs Mongols Arabs • Diasporic Communities -Muslim Merchants-Indian Ocean -Chinese Merchants-SE Asia -Jewish Communities-Med. Region, Indian Ocean Basin, Silk Roads

16. Key Concept 3.1: Expansion and Intensification of Communication • Migration of Agricultural Peoples Bantu migrations, Europeans to Eastern and Central Europe • Crops/Disease Black Plague 1348 New Rice varieties in Asia Cotton, sugar, citrus, coffee-Islam • Cities-Urbanization • Interregional Travelers Ibn Battuta, Marco Polo • Diffusion of literature and arts- Neoconfucianism and Buddhism in E. Asia Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa and SE Asia Aztec and Inca traditions in Mesoamerica and Andes Diffusion of Science/Tech Greek and Indian Math to Muslims Greek science to Europe via Muslims Printing and gunpowder-China, Muslims, Europe

17. Key Concept 3.2: Continuity and Innovation of State Forms and Their Interactions • Traditional sources of power • Patriarchy • Religion • Elites (some states, like China and the Byzantine synthesized old with new) • Innovative sources of power • New taxation methods • Tributary systems • Adaptation of religion (Mongols, Caliphates, City-states of Italy, E. Africa, Maya, and Feudalism)

18. China: Internal and External Expansion • Tang Dynasty Technological innovations: compass, paper, gunpowder etc. Influence on Japan Footbinding, Neo-Confucianism • Song Dynasty All the makings of an industrial revolution • Early Ming Zheng He voyages, eunochs and nomadic threats

19. Islamic World: Dar al-Islam • Expanding cultural, economic and political influence Al-Andalus/ Islamic Spain North and West Africa Indian Ocean: East Africa, India, SE Asia The Caliphate • Technological accomplishments: astrolabe, algebra, philosophy, cartography, medicine, etc

20. Al-Andalus

21. Islamic World: Dar al-Islam • New Flowering of Islam • Ottoman • Safavid • Mughal • Songhay

22. Islamic World: Sample Comparisons • Compare Islam to Christianity • Compare Islamic contacts with Europe and with Africa • Crusades- points of view compared • Compare gender changes • Compare support/ patronage of arts and sciences

23. Europe • Break in eastern and Western Christendom: political significance? • Religious schisms compared: Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholicism Mahayana and Theravada Buddhism Sunni/ Shiite in Islam

24. Europe • Restructuring of institutions Role of religion: Papacy, Crusades, architecture and education Development of feudalism Comparison of feudalism in Europe and Japan Increasing importance of monarchy over church

25. Amer-Indian World • Migrations over the Bering Strait at least 10,000 years ago. • Northern America: Cahokia • Southwest: Hohokam • Meso-America; Olmecs, Maya, Toltec, Aztec • South America: Nazca, Moche, Inca

26. Sub-Saharan Africa • West African kingdoms: Ghana, Mali, Songhay • East African city states: Axum, Kilwa, Mombasa • Southern Africa: Great Zimbabwe • Contacts with Islamic World, Indian Ocean world, and within Africa • Role of Trade, Education and Religion

27. Mongols • Pastoralists from N. East Asia • Genghis Khan • Pax Mongolica

28. Key Concept 3.3: Increased Economic Productive Capacity and Its Consequences • Increase in productive capacity • Social and gender structures are impacted • Environmental impact • Population growth and urbanization • New labor patterns-free and coerced • Innovations stimulate trade and production (rice, terracing, horse collar, transport of crops)

29. Key Concept 3.3: Increased Economic Productive Capacity and Its Consequences • Cities Declined • Invasions • Disease • Less agricultural activity • Little Ice Age • Cities Increased • End of invasions • Better transportation • Warmer temps (800-1300) • Rise in commerce • Better agriculture • More labor

30. Key Concept 3.3: Increased Economic Productive Capacity and Its Consequences • Labor • Free peasants (China, Byzantine E.) • Nomadic pastoralists • Craft production and guilds • Coerced and un-free labor (serfdom, mita-Inca) • Labor taxes • Obligatory military service • Women exercised more power in places • Mongols • West Africa • Japan • Tang Dynasty • Diffusion of Buddhism, Christianity, Islam, and Neoconfucianism impact gender and family structure

31. Paleolithic Persistence • Hunter/Gatherers • Aboriginal Australia • Americas, especially North • Africa

32. Agricultural Village Societies • Amazon River Basin • Nigeria (Igbu, Yoruba, Benin) • Iroquois

33. Herding Peoples • Turks • Mongols • Fulbe (West Africa)