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Frontier Wars Ch. 16 Sec 2

Frontier Wars Ch. 16 Sec 2. Guiding Question: What were the positive and negative aspects of Westward Expansion?. The Treaty of Medicine Lodge Creek. A peace treaty between Native Americans and the U.S. government. Provisions

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Frontier Wars Ch. 16 Sec 2

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  1. Frontier WarsCh. 16 Sec 2 Guiding Question: What were the positive and negative aspects of Westward Expansion?

  2. The Treaty of Medicine Lodge Creek • A peace treaty between Native Americans and the U.S. government. • Provisions • 1) a 3 million acre reservation was created for Native Americans • 2) government agents promised food and supplies to restrict access to the area • 3) in return, Native Americans would move onto the reservations and stop the raids against the settlers • Some chiefs agreed to the treaty and some did not. • Quanah Parker & Satanta rejected the treaty.

  3. The Buffalo Soldiers • Many frontier forts were guarded by the Buffalo Soldiers (African American soldiers) • The name was given to them by the Native Americans who respected their bravery. • Most Buffalo Soldiers were former slaves who had joined the military upon receiving their freedom. • Many difficult tasks: • 1) scouted • 2) mapped • 3) built roads between settled and unsettled areas • 4) patrolled the frontier, protecting settlers from Native American attacks.

  4. War Against Native Americans Ch. 16 Section 3

  5. The Raid at Salt Creek • Led by Satanta, the Kiowa Native American group attacked a wagon train that General Sherman was recently on. • Satanta and his men returned to the reservation after the attack. • General Sherman decided to punish the Natives for the attack because it could have been him who died. • Satanta was arrested and was brought back to Texas to stand trial. • He was convicted of murder and sentenced to hanging. • People worried that this act would upset other Native Americans and cause more trouble. • Governor Edmund Davis changed his sentence to life in prison. • Upon his 2nd arrest, Satanta couldn’t stand being in prison and took his own life in 1878.

  6. A More Aggressive Army Policy • As a result of the Salt Creek Raid, all Native Americans were ordered onto reservations. • This greatly decreased the raids in Texas.

  7. The End of the Buffalo • For centuries, the buffalo roamed the Great Plains of Texas. • That is until the buffalo hunters arrived! • Buffalo hides (skin) could be made into leather just as easily as cattle hides. • Some encouraged the killing of the buffalo herds to force Native Americans to live on reservations. • By the end of the 19th century (1800s) the buffalo was nearly extinct. • Native Americans were forced to choose between reservation life and starvation.

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