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Solar Power

Discover the benefits of solar power, including its efficiency, minimal land consumption, and ability to generate electricity 24/7. Explore different solar technologies such as parabolic troughs, power towers, and photovoltaic systems, and learn about their impact on renewable energy production. Additionally, learn about geothermal energy and its potential for sustainable electricity generation.

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Solar Power

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  1. Solar Power It’s coming of age Interesting factoid: Solar consumes less land per MW of electricity than either coal or hydro dams

  2. CSP (Concentrated Solar Power)(These are thermal generating plants—just like coal, nuclear, natural gas)—create heat, boil water to get steam, steam turns turbine, voila! electricity)More output with higher ambient temperatures. There are two types: Parabolic Troughs and “Power Towers”

  3. Parabolic Troughs Linear parabolic mirrors focus light on a tube • Very efficient (60%) utilize salt heated to 1000 degrees • Insulated storage for salt • Then hot salt boils water, steam turns turbine, turbine turns generator. Voila! 24 hour solar electricity also • Natural gas boiler integrated into loop as backup

  4. ParabolicTrough

  5. Another way to view a parabolic trough

  6. Solar Trough “farms” in the US

  7. “Solar One” Parabolic Trough in Nevada 64 MW; 400 acres; (15,000 homes)

  8. Nevada Solar One Schematic Diagram

  9. Abengoa Solar Trough Farms Gila Bend AZ; 280 MW CSP, the largest in the world (70,000 homes supplied—covers 1900 acres), and a second 280 MW plant under construction near Barstow, CA (54,000 homes).

  10. Abengoa Solar, Gila BendBuilt on abandoned farmland with exhausted water source

  11. Greentech Mediafor the latest in . . .well, greentechand from National Renewable Energy Lab—Thermal StorageAnd the California ISO website shows demand and renewable output.

  12. Solar One “Power Tower” in Barstow California 1981 the original Power Tower. Rebuilt as “Solar Two” but dead in 1999. Generated 10MW

  13. PS-10 Power Tower in Spain • Mirrors focus sunlight onto a small area at top of 300 foot tall tower. • Utilizes a liquid salt as a fluid to collect and transport heat to boil water, steam turns turbine, turbine turns generator, voila! electricity. • Power 65,000 homes Integral is Sevilla PV, an integrated photovoltaic array that will power 1800 homes

  14. The PS 10, 11MW Heliostat Tower in Spain”

  15. Hallelujah!

  16. Ivanpah Power Towers—eastern California. 4000 acres. Towers 500 feet tall. 170,000 heliostats (mirrors)390 MW Equals 140,000 + homes

  17. $50 million unsuccessful attempt to relocate endangered desert tortoises. There are desert ecosystems--no free lunches

  18. And then there are “Streamers” • “It appears Ivanpah may act as a ‘mega-trap,’ attracting insects which in turn attract insect-eating birds, which are incapacitated by solar-flux injury, thus attracting predators and creating an entire food chain vulnerable to injury and death,” concluded scientists with the National Fish and Wildlife Forensics Laboratory in a report that investigated 233 bird deaths representing 71 species at three Southern California solar power plants. • “Ivanpah employees called such immolations ’streamers,’” said The Atlantic. • US Fish and Wildlife Service Office of Law Enforcement staff “observed an average of one streamer event every two minutes.”

  19. Crescent Dunes CSP + Salt StorageFirst of its kind near Tonapah, NV • 110 megawatt system • 10 hours of salt storage

  20. But . . . Let’s not forget Photovoltaic—(Sunlight directly into electricity)PV is more efficient at cooler temperatures • 12,000 MW end of 2013, 41% increase over 2012 • 36% increase from 2013 to 2014 predicted at midyear. • Big investors see big, safe opportunities—Warren Buffet in Agua Caliente California, $16 Billion “green” bonds so far 2014 • Solar City stock rose 200% in 2013 • Solar City model. Install homeowner PV systems for free, then take tax credits and a portion of output to pay for systems.

  21. And . . . . . My favorite!!!!!!!!!!! • THERE ARE NO MOVING PARTS IN A PV SYSTEM. THESE BABIES JUST SIT THERE MAKING ELECTRICITY WITH ALMOST NO MAINTENANCE.

  22. Desert Sunlight Solar Farm 550MW—180,000 homes Mojave Desert, CA 3,800 acres.

  23. Topaz Solar Farm. 550MW, 180,000 homes Mojave Desert, CA 4700 acres

  24. Agua Caliente Solar PV Project-Mojave Desert California. 290MW—Completed 2014

  25. New US Power Generation 2012, 2013. Wind crashed, natural gas increased, solar tripled

  26. Gujarat India, 600MW currentlyIndia intends to be a world leader in PV

  27. More Gujarat—these guys are serious!

  28. PV, Who’s installing it?

  29. Geothermal EnergyThese are thermal plants • Most common utilizes very hot water or steam. “The Geysers” in California. • About 30 square miles active site. • About 1000 MW continual output.

  30. Dry Steam and Flash SteamRequires very hot water/steam (The Geysers Model)

  31. Enhanced Geothermal Systems:Got Hot Rocks? • AltaRock Energy Inc. at Newberry Volcano near Bend. • Drill one hole into hot (600 degrees F) dry rock • Fracture rock by injecting cold water • Drill more holes about 1500 feet away • Pump water down original hole and out secondary holes. Convert to steam and use flash (direct) or heat exchanger/binary systems to drive steam turbine and generate electricity. • October/November 2014 “Stimulation” tests.

  32. Enhanced Geothermal SystemUtilizing Hot, Dry Bedrock

  33. Binary SystemUtilizes a secondary closed loop of low boiling point substance to drive the turbine (Probable EGS model—low water consumption.

  34. U.S. GeothermalNeal Hot Springs—Harney CountyBinary System • Utilizes hot water to boil secondary fluid in a heat exchanger. • 23 MW Energy (perhaps enough for 26,000 homes) • $136 million cost

  35. Neal Hot Springs Geothermal Plant

  36. Ground/Water Source Heat Pump Home Heating and Cooling

  37. Benefits • 50% - 70% more efficient than fossil fuel systems • 25% - 50% less operating cost

  38. Drawbacks • Costs “Several Times” more than other heating/cooling systems • Not many installers or repair/adjustment companies yet

  39. Lets Go Swimming • “Hydropower” used to mean big dams on streams—exploiting moving river water. • Now it also means exploiting tidal flow with turbines (including tidal barrages). • And exploiting wave action with buoys of various types, some floating some anchored. • And a third category exploits ocean temperature differences: “Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion” • OK, let’s go swimming!

  40. Water Turbines (like wind turbines but tiny in comparison) • Water is 784 times more dense than air = 784 times more energy per unit area of moving water. • Dependable—tide goes in and out on a regular basis. Rivers flow at a dependable rate • Widespread possibilities. • In reality, still in test mode—production costs still very speculative.

  41. Marine Current TurbineWorld’s First Commercial Scale Tidal Turbine (Strangford Lough, N. Ireland)1.2 MW capability (1000 homes)

  42. Alstom Tidal Turbine—Orkney ScotlandSeveral actually working worldwide

  43. Atlantis Resources MeyGenin Pentland Firth, Scotland Up to 61 of these by 2020, enough for 42,000 homes. Potential for 269 170,000 homes

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