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The Enlightenment

The Enlightenment. The Enlightenment. The Origins of Enlightenment?. RELIGIOUS :. physico -theology –  an attempt (inspired by science) to explain God’s Providence by reference to his work in nature & not primarily through his biblical Word.

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The Enlightenment

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  1. The Enlightenment

  2. The Enlightenment

  3. The Origins of Enlightenment? • RELIGIOUS: • physico-theology– an attempt (inspired by science) to explain God’s Providence by reference to his work in nature & not primarily through his biblical Word. • support of a “rational” religion, freefrom mysteries, miracles, andsuperstitions.

  4. The Origins of Enlightenment? • RELIGIOUS: • Deism • The belief in the existence of a God or supreme being but adenial of revealed religion, basingone’s belief on thelightof natureand reason. • Deists saw no point in any particular religion; they recognized only a distant God, uninvolved in the daily life of man.

  5. The Origins of Enlightenment? • RELIGIOUS: • Pantheism • The belief that God andnature are one and the same. • Gradually, highly educated Protestants & Catholics thought more about God’s work as revealed through science, rather than through the Scriptures.

  6. Centers of the Enlightenment

  7. The 12 Characteristics of the Enlightenment Rationalism  reason is the arbiter of all things. Cosmology  a new concept of man, his existence on earth, & the place of the earth in the universe. Secularism  application of the methods of science to religion & philosophy.

  8. The 12 Characteristics of the Enlightenment • Scientific Method • Mathematical analysis • Experimentation • Inductive reasoning. • Utilitarianism  the greatest good for the greatest number. • Tolerance  No opinion is worth burning your neighbor for.

  9. The 12 Characteristics of the Enlightenment • Optimism & Self-Confidence • The belief that man is intrinsically good. • The belief in social progress. • Freedom • Of thought and expression. • Bring liberty to all men (modern battle against absolutism). • Education of the Masses

  10. The 12 Characteristics of the Enlightenment • Legal Reforms • Justice, kindness, and charity  no torture or indiscriminant incarceration. • Due process of law. • Constitutionalism • Written constitutions  listing citizens, rights. • Cosmopolitanism.

  11. The “Great Debate” Reason& Logic TraditionsandSuperstitions • rationalism • empiricism • tolerance • skepticism • Deism • nostalgia for the past • organized religions • irrationalism • emotionalism

  12. Mini Project

  13. Overview • Your assignment is to discuss (i.e., teach) and share with us about certain aspects of The Enlightenment. • You will turn in lecture notes at the end of your presentation • In addition, you may want to create a PowerPoint presentation, or use other visual aids for this assignment. However, this is not mandatory. • The presentation will be on Monday, November 21st and Tuesday November 22nd. You will receive a grade based on the lecture notes you turn in, and how well your classmates understand the discussion of your topic. • Also, you must create a list of questions to ask of the other groups during the time of the presentations.

  14. Topics • Influences on the Enlightenment (ideas of Locke and Newton, scientific revolution, print culture) • Voltaire and the philosophes (incorporate the importance of the coffeehouse) • Society and the Enlightenment (the Encyclopedia, social science, Adam Smith) • Political Thought (Montesquieu, Rousseau) • Enlightened Critics of European Empires (Diderot, Kant, Herder) • The role of women in the Enlightenment • Rococo and Neoclassical art and architecture (don’t forget to compare/contrast to Renaissance/Baroque periods) • Enlightened Absolutists (Frederick the Great, Joseph II, Catherine the Great, problems in Poland) • *(Be sure to include a brief biographical presentation on each of your philosophes. This will be part of the introduction to your topic.):

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