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Chapter 25

Chapter 25. World War II. Watch at home. Japanese Point of View http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eyf1PZEsYpI&feature=related Pearl Harbor Documentary 8 min. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nt13c3olXkU Pearl Harbor 2001 Attack Cut http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sv1niwxQgoY.

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Chapter 25

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  1. Chapter 25 World War II

  2. Watch at home • Japanese Point of View • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eyf1PZEsYpI&feature=related • Pearl Harbor Documentary 8 min. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nt13c3olXkU • Pearl Harbor 2001 Attack Cut • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sv1niwxQgoY

  3. FDR Day of Infamy. Declaration of War. Address to Congress, December 8, 1941. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lK8gYGg0dkE (5 minutes)

  4. How did it come to this? • Why did Japan attack Pearl Harbor? • How did we end up in another World War?

  5. The strangling hand of the Treaty of Versailles gripping a map of Germany which bears a slight image of Adolph Hitler.

  6. Treaty of Versailles • Much of Germany’s territory, all of its colonies, some of its people were given to France, Belgium, and Poland. • Size of Germany’s army and navy were limited. • Banned tanks and the air force. • War guilt clause • Reparation payments

  7. German Response • Military revolts • Union strikes • Communist revolts, thousand dead • Assassination of leading politicians

  8. Economic Distress • 1921 War reparation demanded by the Allies- 6.6 billion pounds. • Germans could not pay. • French and Belgian troops seized the main industrial region of Germany (Ruhr) • German government called on workers to strike. • Low-level terrorist campaign by Germans. • French strike back brutally (house searches, hostage-taking, shooting over 100 Germans)

  9. Economic Distress • Production drops drastically. • Unemployment soars from 2% to 23%. • Tax revenues collapse. • Government prints more money causing inflation. • Prices go insanely high (By Nov. 1923, prices are a billion (really) times higher than before the war began in 1914.)

  10. Hyperinflation

  11. Cost of a loaf of bread

  12. Effects of Hyperinflation People had to shop with wheel barrows full of money. Bartering became common Restaurants did not print menus as by the time food arrived…the price had gone up! People burned their furniture to get some heat. Most of the very rich were land owners and could produce food on their own estates. The middle class suffered severely as well. Their hard earned savings disappeared overnight. Many middle class families had to sell family heirlooms to survive. Many of those middle class would later turn Hitler and the Nazi Party. 

  13. Disaster • The German economy was on shaky foundations because it was based on huge loans from the United States. • 1929 Stock market crash caused U.S. banks to call in its short-term loans to Germany. • They couldn’t pay, nor could they export goods for sale so they could pay. • Economy collapsed.

  14. Rise of the Nazis • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a2YEUhHFMHY

  15. Characteristics of the Nazi regime: • Police state • Blind nationalism • Anti-Semitism • Totalitarianism

  16. The Italian Tyrant Benito Mussolini established fascism as a nationalistic, militaristic, totalitarian government in 1922. Nickname: Il Duce

  17. Japan also wanted to expand its territory and trade partners. • European nations had already carved up Asia in to “spheres of influence.” • Japan attacked & subjugated Manchuria in China in 1931. Japan’s Tyrant

  18. Japan’s Tyrant: Hideki Tojo • Led a group of warlords to take over the Japanese government, effectively rendering Emperor Hirohito powerless. • 1940 Japan joined Italy and Germany to form the Axis of dictator states.

  19. The Coming of War Hitler’s Advance

  20. Motivations • Britain and France were in no mood for confrontation or war. • Hitler said he wanted to get back Germany’s territory that had been broken up and “stolen” with the Treaty of Versailles after WWI.

  21. Appeasement: The policy of giving in to try to satisfy Hitler’s stated demands.

  22. Easy Acquisitions: Rhineland • Rhineland 1936 – an industrial region of Germany near Alsace-Lorraine, which was supposed to be demilitarized.

  23. Interactive Map of Europe 1939-1945 http://www.worldology.com/Europe/world_war_2_imap.htm

  24. Defenses: • Siegfried Line – German fortifications • Maginot Line – French fortifications

  25. Easy Acquisitions: Austria • Anschluss – union with Austria, German-speaking land. • Austrian Nazis staged a coup and took power, “invited” Germany military in. Austria is the southern part in gold.

  26. Easy Acquisitions: Sudetenland • Hitler declared his intentions to “annex” Sudetenland. • Many Germans had fled to Sudetenland from the Nazis. • Meeting of England (Chamberlain), France (Daladier), & Hitler in Munich, Germany to discuss the problem. • To keep the peace, Chamberlain and Daladier agreed to “give” Hitler the Sudetenland (Sept. 1938). • “Munich” became an adjective for appeasement and defeatism. Sudetenland is the purple area.

  27. Easy Acquisitions: Czechoslovakia • In March 1939, Hitler moved to seize the rest of Czechoslovakia. • The British and French then signed security agreements with Romania and Poland, hoping that would deter Hitler from advancing.

  28. Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact • Russia was a powerful neighbor to the east of Germany. • Hitler and Stalin agreed not to fight each other. • In fact, Hitler told Stalin he could take the Baltic countries, Finland, and a little piece of Poland and Hitler would take the rest of Poland. 1939 Boundary Lines

  29. War Begins! • On September 1, 1939, fifty-six German divisions roll across the Polish border. • 600 Luftwaffe bombed civilian & military targets. • 48 hours later, 100,000 Polish casualties • On September 3, 1939, British Prime Minister N. Chamberlain declares war on Nazi Germany. France followed. Blitzkrieg!

  30. German Victories

  31. Denmark • Spring 1940, Hitler attacked and occupied Denmark in a few brief hours. • A panzer is a German tank or a division of tanks. (armor)

  32. Norway • On the same day, the Germans assaulted Norway so it could have naval bases and access to Sweden for its iron resources. • The Norwegians bravely resisted but were sold out by a traitor, a government official, Vidkun Quisling assisted German agents and was appointed governor by the Germans afterwards. His name became synonymous for traitor.

  33. Fall of France • http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/interactive/animations/wwtwo_map_fall_france/index_embed.shtml

  34. Fall of France • May 10, 1940 Germany moved into the countries on its western border: Tiny Luxembourg (2 days), Holland (5 days), Belgium (18 days), and France. • Panzer units outmaneuvered the French and British forces. • The Luftwaffe destroyed French fortifications so the tanks rolled into France smoothly.

  35. Fall of France • The French people fled their cities. • German Stuka dive-bombers filled the air and attacked repeatedly.

  36. Germany’s new weapons and blitzkrieg tactics were fresh and successful, a far cry from the trench warfare of WWI. • France’s war technology was out-moded. • France was no match for Germany’s tanks and planes.

  37. Fall of France - Dunkirk • The French and British troops were almost surrounded and were pushed back to Dunkirk with their backs to the English Channel. • As they were about to be wiped out by the Luftwaffe, fog rolled in, concealing them. • By the time the fog had lifted every available British and French vessel, from fishing boats to private yachts, had evacuated 330,000 men.

  38. Evacuation at Dunkirk

  39. Paris is abandoned to the Nazis. • Ironically, the surrender of France was signed in the same railroad car in which Germany had signed the armistice in 1918.

  40. Winston Churchill-Britain’s Prime Minister • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LsKDGM5KTBY • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MkTw3_PmKtc&feature=related (1:20)

  41. Battle of Britain • Hitler planned to bomb Britain into submission because he knew an invasion would not work until it was substantially weakened. • The British had radar and knew when the German planes were coming so they were able to shoot many of them down; hence daytime bombing was not efficient for the Germans. • The Germans lost 3 times as many planes as the British.

  42. Battle of Britain • The Germans resorted to night bombing Britain’s with fire bombs.

  43. Narnia intro: Night bombing • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SQ0fGS01Pdg

  44. Barbarossa – Attack on Russia • Hitler launched a surprise attack on the Soviet Union to his east. • June 22, 1941 • The “Barbarossa” operation targeted 3 key Russian cities: Leningrad, Moscow, & Stalingrad. • Russia bore the brunt of the Germans’ relentlessly brutal warfare.

  45. German troops in Russia 1941

  46. In just two years, the Nazi blitzkrieg had virtually conquered Europe, with Britain badly damaged.

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