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Population Ecology

Population Ecology. Section 1: Population Dynamics. Section 2: Human Population. Population Ecology. Section 1. Population Dynamics. Population Density. *. Spatial Distribution. Dispersion is the *. Population Ecology. Section 1. Population Dynamics. Population Ranges.

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Population Ecology

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  1. Population Ecology Section 1: Population Dynamics Section2: Human Population

  2. Population Ecology Section 1 Population Dynamics Population Density • * Spatial Distribution • Dispersion is the *.

  3. Population Ecology Section 1 Population Dynamics Population Ranges • A species might not be able to expand its population range because it cannot survive the abiotic conditions found in the expanded region.

  4. Population Ecology Section 1 Population Dynamics Population-Limiting Factors • There are two categories of limiting factors—density-independent factors and density-dependent factors.

  5. Population Ecology Section 1 Population Dynamics Density-Independent Factors • Any factor in the environment that does not depend on the number of members in a population per unit area is a density-independent factor. • * • * • * • *

  6. Population Ecology Section 1 Population Dynamics Density-Dependent Factors • Any factor in the environment that depends on the number of members in a population per unit area is a density-dependent factor. • * • * Population Biology • * • *

  7. Population Ecology Section 1 Population Dynamics Population Growth Rate • The population growth rate (PGR) explains how fast a given population grows. • The natality of a population is the*.

  8. Population Ecology • All populations grow exponentially until some limiting factor slows the population’s growth. Section 1 Population Dynamics Exponential Growth Model • Exponential growth occurs when the growth rate is proportional to the size of the population.

  9. Population Ecology Section 1 Population Dynamics Logistic Growth Model • The population’s growth slows or stops following exponential growth, at the population’s carrying capacity.

  10. Population Ecology Section 1 Population Dynamics • A population stops increasing when the number of births is less than the number of deaths or when emigration exceeds immigration.

  11. Population Ecology Section 1

  12. Population Ecology Section 1 Population Dynamics Carrying Capacity • The maximum number of individuals in a species that an environment can support for the long term is the *. • Carrying capacity is limited by the * available.

  13. Population Ecology Section 1 Population Dynamics Reproductive Patterns • Species of organisms vary in the number of births per reproduction cycle, in the age that reproduction begins, and in the life span of the organism.

  14. Population Ecology Section 1 Population Dynamics • The rate strategy, or r-strategy, is an adaptation for living in an environment where fluctuation in biotic or abiotic factors occur. • An r-strategist is generally *. • * • *

  15. Population Ecology Section 1 Population Dynamics • The carrying-capacity strategy, or k-strategy, is an adaptation for living in stable environments. • A k-strategist is generally *. • * • *

  16. Population Ecology Section 2 Human Population Human Population Growth • The study of human population size, density, distribution, movement, and birth and death rates is *.

  17. Population Ecology Section 2 Human Population Technological Advances • For thousands of years, environmental conditions kept the size of the human population at a relatively constant number below the environment’s carrying capacity. • Humans have learned to alter the environment in ways that appear to have changed its carrying capacity.

  18. Population Ecology Section 2 Human Population Human Population Growth Rate • Although the human population is still growing, the rate of its growth has slowed.

  19. Population Ecology • Human population growth is not the same in all countries. Section 2 Human Population Trends in Human Population Growth • Population trends can be altered by events *.

  20. Population Ecology Section 2 Human Population Zero Population Growth • Zero population growth (ZPG) occurs when *. • The age structure eventually should be more balanced with numbers at pre-reproductive, reproductive, and post-reproductive ages being approximately equal.

  21. A population’s age structure is the number of males and females in each of three age groups: Population Ecology pre-reproductive stage, reproductive stage, and post- reproductive stage. Section 2 Human Population Age Structure

  22. Population Ecology Section 2 Human Population Human Carrying Capacity • Scientists are concerned about the human population reaching or exceeding the carrying capacity. • An important factor is the amount of resources from the biosphere that are used by each person.

  23. A B C D Population Ecology Chapter CDQ 1 Chapter Diagnostic Questions What term is used to describe the number ofindividuals moving into a population? emigration imitation immigration migration

  24. A B C D Population Ecology Chapter CDQ 2 Chapter Diagnostic Questions What is population density? pattern of spacing of a population in an area number of organisms in an area characteristics of a population manner in which a population grows

  25. A B C D Population Ecology Chapter CDQ 3 Chapter Diagnostic Questions When does zero population growth occur? when birth rate equals death rate when death rate exceeds birth rate when birth rate exceeds death rate when there are zero births

  26. A B C D Population Ecology Chapter FQ 1 Section 1Formative Questions Which is a density-dependent factor? disease fire flooding weather

  27. A B C D Chapter Population Ecology FQ 2 Section 1Formative Questions Which is a density-independent factor? competition extreme cold parasites predation

  28. A B C D Population Ecology Chapter FQ 3 Section 1 Formative Questions Which factor can limit the carrying capacity of a population? emigration predation available nutrients extreme temperatures

  29. A B C D Population Ecology Chapter FQ 4 Section 2Formative Questions The study of the size, density, distribution, and movement of the human population is _______. bioinformatics demography ecology ethnography

  30. A B C D Population Ecology decreased agriculture famine and wars setbacks in medicine voluntary population control Chapter FQ 5 Section 2Formative Questions Which is a primary reason for the decline in the percent growth of the human population after 1962?

  31. A B C D Population Ecology Chapter FQ 6 Section 2 Formative Questions What will happen to the human population when the birthrate equals the death rate? CDC HPG PGR ZPG

  32. A B C D Population Ecology Chapter CAQ 1 Chapter Assessment Questions Which type of population growth model does this graph represent? exponential spatial genetic logistic

  33. A B C D Population Ecology Chapter CAQ 2 Chapter Assessment Questions Based on the information in the graph, infer which statement accurately represents the information provided. India has very little land for farming. Germany is smaller per acre than the United States. More land is used to support an individual in the United States. A person in Indonesia requires more land than a person in Brazil.

  34. Population Ecology Chapter CAQ 3 Chapter Assessment Questions Use the graph to explain the growth of the mice population.

  35. Answer: If two adult mice breed and produce a litter and their offspring survive to breed, then the population grows slowly at first. This slow growth is defined as the lag phase. The rate of population growth begins to increase rapidly because the total number of organisms that are able to reproduce has increased. Exponential growth occurs when the growth rate is proportional to the size of the population. All populations grow exponentially until some limiting factor slows the population’s growth. Population Ecology Chapter CAQ 4 Chapter Assessment Questions

  36. A B C D Population Ecology Chapter STP 1 Standardized Test Practice An ecologist estimates a population density of 2.3 lemmings per square meter of tundra. What would be the approximate number of lemmings over 1000 square meters of tundra? 0.23 23 230 2300

  37. A B C D Population Ecology Chapter STP 2 Standardized Test Practice The ecologist finds that over a 1000m2 plot of tundra, lemmings tend to concentrate in clumps in drier areas. What is the term for this pattern of spacing? density dispersion logistic spacing spatial distribution

  38. A B C D Population Ecology Chapter STP 3 Standardized Test Practice Brine shrimp are able to survive only in certain lakes that have a very high salt concentration. Which is the correct population characteristic of brine shrimp? It is density-dependent. It is limited by biotic factors. It has a limited spatial distribution. It is randomly dispersed in the environment.

  39. A B C D Population Ecology Chapter STP 4 Standardized Test Practice Why does the population growth level off at 10,000? Biotic factors have made survival difficult. The population has reached its carrying capacity. Density-independent factors have slowed the growth of the population. Immigration into the population has reached the maximum limit.

  40. A B C D Population Ecology Chapter STP 5 Standardized Test Practice Which organism is the best example of a k-strategist? wolf grasshopper rabbit whale

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