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Population Ecology

This overview of population ecology examines key concepts such as habitat, niche, and carrying capacity. A habitat is the address where an organism lives, while a niche encompasses its role and interactions within that environment. It also addresses the competitive exclusion principle, distinguishing between fundamental and realized niches, and factors that limit population growth. Understanding exponential and logistical growth patterns helps illustrate how populations respond to environmental changes. This foundational knowledge is crucial for conservation and wildlife management.

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Population Ecology

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  1. Population Ecology

  2. HABITAT = The area where an organism lives “address” NICHE = place it lives PLUS the biotic and abiotic interactions it has in that place “occupation” http://animals.timduru.org/dirlist/snake/animalwild089-RattleSnake-FaceCloseup.jpg http://www.electricwomen.com/hunterspoint/images/21-street-sign-moreell.jpg http://www.rvstogophx.com/images/arizona_desert_sm.jpg http://resmedicinae.sourceforge.net/logos/doctor.png http://www.michcampgrounds.com/yogibears/yogi-picnic-cartoon.jpg

  3. Competitive Exclusion • Two species cannot coexist in a community if their niches are identical-one will be eliminated • How do the organisms solve the dilemma? • Realized niche vs. Fundamental niche

  4. Realized vs. Fundamental niche • Fundamental – where a species CAN possibly live • Disregard predation & limiting factors • Realized –where the species actually DOES live • because predators, limiting factors, etc. have forced it to leave parts of the fundamental niche

  5. CARRYING CAPACITY (K) • Maximum population size environment can support http://www.algebralab.org/img/cb07ae0c-5106-416c-8407-38da526923c6.gif

  6. Limiting Factors element in short supply or cycles slowly LIMITS the growth of the population http://www.wspa-international.org/exhibition/gallery/large_DeadKenyan%20droughtSPANA.jpg

  7. Population size is affected by: Levels of competition Predatory defense mechanisms Resistance to disease and parasites Ability to migrate • Environmental conditions • Birth rate • Realized vs. Fundamental niche • Food supply • Habitat

  8. Exponential Growth (J curve) • Occurs when populations are introduced into new niche • May occur when numbers have been reduced due to a catastrophic event and population is rebounding • Differences in birth and death rate are high

  9. Logistical Growth (S Curve) Slide by Kim Foglia • Rapid reproduction phase • Then slower growth rate as population increases

  10. Exponential vs. Logistical

  11. Survivorship Curves

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