4/2 Bell Ringer

1. 4/2 Bell Ringer Clear every thing off your desk except something to write with!

2. 4/3 Bell Ringer How can a nation increase its prestige?

3. Imperialism

4. What is an empire? • Group of states under one ruler

5. Motive of Imperialism • Economic • Raw materials- needed rubber, petroleum, palm oil • Markets- New consumers that would want factory goods

6. Motives of Imperialism • Military/Political • Needed bases for coal & supplies • Competition- felt colonies were necessary for national security, increases prestige

7. Motives of Imperialism • Religious- duty to spread what Westerners saw as blessings of Western civilization (Christianity, law, medicine)

8. Motives of Imperialism • Social Darwinism- applied Darwin’s theory of survival of the fittest to human society • Gave Europeans an argument to support racial superiority

9. What allowed Imperialism? • Machine guns (other superior military technology) • Medicine • Quinine- fights malaria

10. 4/2 Bell Ringer Who benefits from “new imperialism”? How do they benefit?

11. Imperialism in Africa

12. Types of Imperialism • Direct (French)- sent in officials from their countries to run the colonies • Indirect (British)- used sultans, chiefs, local rulers • Protectorate- local rulers, but expected to follow advice of European advisors • Sphere of influence- Area in which an outside power claims exclusivity in investments or trading privileges

13. Scramble for Africa • Begins in the late 1800s • People spoke hundred of languages, had various gov’t types • Explorers go into Africa, followed by missionaries

14. David Livingstone • Explorer & missionary • Explored Africa, wrote about his experiences • When people don’t hear from him, Henry Stanley goes on a journey to find him • Henry Stanley (journalist) goes to find him • Meets him in Tanzania

15. King Leopold II & the Belgian Congo • Hires Henry Stanley to explore Congo & arrange trading treaties • Other nations scramble to get various claims (Scramble for Africa) • Exploits the riches • Brutalizes the villagers

17. Berlin Conference • Took place in Berlin, Germany 1884 • Avoid violent conflict • Goal was to lay ground rules of colonization • Attended by major European leaders, no Africans were invited • Redraws the map of Africa

19. Boer War • 1899-1902 British vs. Boers (descendants of Dutch settlers) • War fought in South Africa over access to diamonds • Britain wins, creates Union of South Africa • Sets up new constitution • System of complete racial segregation

20. Ethiopia • Remain independent • Import latest weaponry & hires European officers to train military • Italy invades • Ethiopia is prepared, so they are able to fight off the invaders

22. 4/3 Bell Ringer Clear everything off of your desk and have something (pen or pencil) to write with.

23. 4/4 Bell Ringer What is your definition of Imperialism?

24. What is Imperialism? • Process of forming an empire by creating colonies • Domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region. • Europe has new economic & military strength • 1870s- Europe starts aggressive expansion “new imperialism”

25. India

26. Mughal Power Declines • Mughal dynasty’s power is collapsing • British East India Company has trading rights on the edge of the Mughal dynasty • As Mughal power decreases, East India Company’s power increases • By mid 1800’s it controls 3/5 of India

28. British East India Company • Goal is to make as much money as possible • Encourage disunity and competition • Force sepoys (Indian soldiers) to serve in military • New rifles issued cause MAJOR problems

29. Leading up to the Sepoy Rebellion • To load the new rifles they had to bite off the end • Cartridges were greased with animal fat (either cow or pigs) • Cow was considered sacred by Hindus and Muslims are forbidden to consume pigs • Troops refuse to load rifles, they are imprisoned

30. Sepoy Rebellion • Sepoys rise against British officers • British eventually crush the revolt and take revenge • Rebellion leaves both sides not trusting the other

31. Britain suppresses India • Parliament ends the rule of the East India Company and takes direct control of India • Sends more troops to India (and taxes them for it) • Modernize India for their own reasons (markets, raw materials) • Influence accidentally bring nationalism

32. 4/7 Bell Ringer How do you usually study for your exams? Do you think it is effective? Why or why not? How can you improve?

33. China

34. Qing Dynasty • Qing dynasty had power of China

35. Opium Wars • Britain starts trading with China • Opium for tea • Lots of people become addicted to opium • Creates economic problems • Chinese outlaw opium, seize the drug • Ask Britain to stop the trade • Britain fights for the right to trade • Britain wins due to superior military technology

36. Treaty of Nanjing • 1842 Ends the Opium Wars • VERY unfair to the Chinese • Opens China to more trading (opium trade continues) • British get Hong Kong (and lots of $$$)

37. Sino-Japanese war • China is behind in industrialization • Japan and Western powers are still modernizing quickly • Japan starts to want more land • Pressure on China from Japan leads to war • Japan gains the island of Taiwan • China’s defeat shows weakness

38. Taiping Rebellion • Qing dynasty is declining • Peasants rebel (1850-1864) • Call for an end to Qing dynasty • Rebellion is eventually crushed by the government

39. Open Door Policy • British and French carve spheres of influence along Chinese coast • U.S. did not take any spheres of influence, feared they would be shut out of trade • Call for Open Door Policy- Policy to keep Chinese trade open for everyone • Major silk trade

40. Boxer Rebellion • Anti-foreign rule and influence explodes • 1899 Chinese form secret society (Righteous Harmonious Fists) • Attack foreigners in attempt to drive them out of China • China is unsuccessful at driving out foreign influence, but the rebellion causes nationalism to spread