The Basics of Grammar Mini-Unit

1. The Basics of Grammar Mini-Unit

2. What is a Sentence? A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.

3. There are four kinds of sentences… 1. Declarative sentence- a sentence that makes a statement. It ends with a period. Ex: David and Chris will go to the mall on Saturday to purchase new hats. 2. Interrogative sentence: A sentence that asks a question. It ends with a question mark. Ex: Did you study for your final exam?

4. 3. Imperative sentence- a sentence that gives a command or makes a request. It ends with a period. Ex: Be quiet during the quiz so that others can focus. 4. Exclamatory sentence- a sentence that expresses strong feeling. It ends with an exclamation mark. Ex: Watch out for the shark in the water!

5. 1. Which of these is a declarative sentence? a. Will you go to the store with me? b. Wow, you did a great job! c. I am a student at Rush Strong School.

6. 2. Which of these is an interrogative sentence? a. You won the prize! b. Can you play basketball? c. He has blonde hair and blue eyes.

7. 3. Which of these is an exclamatory sentence? a. You are a third grade student. b. What a beautiful day! c. What is your address?

8. Subjects and Predicates! Every COMPLETE sentence has a subject and a predicate! • Subject = tells who or what the sentence is about (NOUN) • Predicate= tells something about the subject (VERB) • what the subject does, has, is, feels, etc. Let’s watch a video to help us remember the definitions for subjects and predicates (vimeo.com)

9. Simple vs. Complete Subjects

10. Simple vs. Complete Predicates

11. Let’s Practice! (Subjects /Predicates) Underline the complete subject, then circle the simple subject • His broken leg will heal in three months. 2. All of the townspeople ran from the burning building. Underline the complete predicate, then circle the simple predicate • The farmers are plowing the field. 2. The stern judge ruled that the defendant was not guilty.

12. Now for…. THE 8 PARTS OF SPEECH!

13. COMMON NOUN names any person, place, thing or idea & generally not capitalized team book city monument PROPER NOUN names particular person, place, thing or idea & is capitalized Wildcats The Hunger Games Atlanta Eiffel Tower NOUN – word or word group that names a person, place, thing, or idea

14. CONCRETE NOUN names noun that can be perceived by 1 or more of senses photograph music sandpaper rose chocolate ABSTRACT NOUNnames idea, feeling, quality or characteristic love freedom wisdom beauty Buddhism NOUN

15. NOUN • COLLECTIVE NOUN names a group Group of students: class Group of relatives: family Group of cows: herd Group of musicians: band Group of players: team

16. VERB – expresses action or a state of being ACTION VERB expresses either physical or mental activity Gloria plays volleyball. (physical action) She thought about the problem. (mental action)

17. VERBS LINKING VERB expresses a state of being & connects or links the subject to word that identifies or describes the subject Emma Stone is an actress. The students remained quiet. The Verb Be is the most common: am is are was were be being been Other linking verbs: appear seem become feel grow look remain smell sound stay taste turn

18. PRONOUN- word that is used in place of one or more nouns or pronouns; word that pronoun stands for is called its antecedent • PERSONAL PRONOUN refers to the one speaking(1st person), one spoken to(2nd person) or the one spoken about (3rdperson) Singular Plural 1st personI, me, my, mine we, us, our, ours 2nd person you, your, yours you, your, yours 3rd person he, him, his, she, they, them, their, her, hers, it, itstheirs

19. ADJECTIVE - word used to modify a noun or pronoun to describe the word or make its meaning more definite Adjectives tell What kind?busy dentist, braided hair, Korean child Which one?seventh grade, this country, any book How much or how many?several days, five dollars Adjectives sometimes come after the word they modify: A woman, kind and helpful, gave us directions.

20. ADJECTIVES • Most commonly used adjectives are articles: a an the • PROPER ADJECTIVE is formed from a proper noun Africa African continent England English tea Switzerland Swiss chocolate

21. ADVERB – modifies a verb, adjective or another adverb making the meaning more definite ADVERBS answer the following questions: Where? Away, here, inside, there, up When? Later, now, soon, then, tomorrow How? Clearly, easily, quietly, slowly How often or how long? Always, usually, never To what extent or how much? Almost, so, too Adverbs may come before, after or between the words they modify

22. PREPOSITION – shows the relationship of a noun or pronoun to another word The cat walked through the door. The cat walked toward the door. The cat walked past the door. See p. 58 for commonly used prepositions

23. A PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE includes a preposition, noun or pronoun called the object of the preposition & any modifiers of that object PREP MODIFIERS OBJ The books in my new bag are heavy. PREP MODIFIERS OBJ It happened during the last game.

24. CONJUNCTION – joins words or word groups Coordinating Conjunctions join words used in same way For And Nor But Or Yet So Correlative Conjunctions are pairs of conjunctions that join words used in same way both . . . and either . . . or neither . . . nor not only . . . but also whether . . . Or Subordinating Conjunctions introduce an adverb clause

25. INTERJECTION –word that expresses emotion Usually an interjection is followed by an exclamation point Ow! That hurts. Goodness! What happened to your hair? Yeah! I know the answer. Sometimes an interjection is set off by a comma Oh, I wish it were Friday. Well, what have you been doing?