AP Review!!

1. AP Review!!

2. Unit 1 • The Constitution as ratified in 1788 most clearly reflects the framers commitment to • The idea of direct democracy • The principle of limited government • The abolition of slavery • Protecting the rights of the accused • Maintaining the primacy of the states

3. Which of the following most accurately describes the Federalist Papers? • The Federalist party platform during the presidency of John Adams, the 1st federalist president • A popular anti-British booklet of pre-Revolutionary war era • A collection of essays arguing the merits of the Constitution • A series of congressional acts defining the relationship between federal and state govts • The laws under which the South was governed during Reconstruction

4. Of the following, American federalism is most clearly exemplified by the • System of checks and balances among the 3 branches of government • Process by which international treaties are completed • Special constitutional status of Washington DC • 10th amendment of the Constitution • President’s power to grant reprieves and pardons

5. All of the following are specifically mentioned in the Constitution EXCEPT • Judicial review • The national census • Rules of impeachment • The State of the Union address • Length of term of federal judgeships

6. According to the Federalist Papers, federalism has which of the following effects on political factions? • It provides a structured environment where factions can flourish • It limits the dangers of factionalism by diluting political power • It allows factions to dominate on the national level while limiting their influence at the state level • It eliminates any opportunity for factions to form • It prevents factions by declaring them illegal

7. The Constitution, as originally ratified, addressed all of the following weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation EXCEPT the • Lack of chief executive • National government’s inability to levy taxes effectively • Absence of central authority to regulate interstate commerce • Insufficiency of the government’s power to raise an army • Omission of a universal suffrage clause

8. Unit 1 Scattegories • Checks and Balances • Delegated Powers • Rights in the Bill of Rights

9. AP Review!!

10. Unit 2 • “We conclude that in the field of education the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.” The Supreme Court issued this ruling on which of the following cases? • Gideon v. Wainwright • Marbury v. Madison • Engel v. Vitale • Regents of the Univ. of California v. Bakke • Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

11. Which of the following describe limitations that may be constitutionally be placed on freedom of speech and freedom of the press? • Under no circumstances may the government limit speech or censor press • The govt may censor the press in the interest of national security • The govt may outlaw obscene publications • The govt may outlaw speech that incites violence • I only • II only • II and III • III and IV • II, III, and IV

12. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed to reinforce the • Presidential veto • System of checks and balances • States’ power to challenge federal regulation • 14th amendment • Taft-Hartley Act of 1947

13. A Constitutional amendment would be required to ban flag burning because that activity is currently protected by the right to • Due process • Assembly • Free exercise of religion • Protection against confiscation of private property • Free speech

14. Which of the following most accurately describes the right of American citizens to privacy? • The right to privacy is determined entirely by the states on a case-by-case basis • The right to privacy is explicitly granted in the Preamble of the Constitution • The Supreme Court has ruled that the right to privacy is implied by the Bill of Rights • Common law requires the government to respect citizens’ right to privacy • Americans have no right to privacy, but the government rarely violates individuals’ privacy because to do so is not in the government’s interest

15. The government promotes preferential treatment for members of groups that have historically suffered from discrimination by means of • The New Federalism • Affirmative action programs • Social Security benefits • Bills of attainder • Gerrymandering

16. The exclusionary rule was established to • Create “separate but equal” facilities to facilitate racial segregation • Allow private organizations to restrict their membership • Limit the government’s ability to use illegally obtained evidence • Deny control of interstate commerce to the states • Provide the president with greater independence in negotiating foreign policy

17. Unit 2 Scattegories • Important Supreme Court Cases • Constitutional Amendments (need number and description!)

18. Unit 3/4 Scattegories • Forms of political participation

19. AP Review!!

20. Unit 5 • A Supreme Court that demonstrates a willingness to change public policy and alter judicial precedent is said to be engaging in • Judicial activism • Due process • Judicial restraint • Ex post facto lawmaking • Judicial review

21. Under which of the following circumstances is Congress LEAST likely to pass a bill the president has threatened to veto? • The president’s approval rating is extremely high • A failed attempt has been made to develop a compromise bill with the White House • The party controlling Congress is not the president’s party • The president has also expressed the possibility that he might not veto the bill • Congressional leaders believe they have the votes necessary to override the veto

22. Which of the following would most likely be accused of influence peddling? • A congressperson who retires to take a position teaching at a university • A former president who advises the current president on a particular foreign policy issue • A voter who researches the positions of all candidates before choosing who to support • A judge who consistently hands down the maximum sentence • An official who leaves the State Department to work as a paid consultant to foreign governments

23. The Supreme Court holds original jurisdiction in all of the following types of cases EXCEPT • If the US is a party in the case • In controversies in criminal law between a citizen and a state • In controversies under the Constitution, federal laws, or treaties • In cases between citizens from different states • If cases arise under admiralty and maritime laws

24. Which of the following correctly states the relationship between federal and state judiciaries? • Federal courts are higher than state courts and may overturn decisions on any grounds • The two are entirely autonomous and neither ever hears cases that originate in the other • The two are generally autonomous, although federal courts may rule on the constitutionality of state court decisions • State courts are trial courts; federal courts are appeals courts • State courts try all cases except those that involve conflicts between states, which are tried in federal court

25. The amount of access cabinet members have to the president is likely to be controlled by the • Vice president • President’s chief of staff • National security advisor • Chair of the Federal Reserve Board • President’s press secretary

26. Which of the following accounts for the fact that the power and prestige of the presidency have grown since 1932? • America’s increased prominence in international affairs • Continually improved public confidence • The New Deal and other programs that have expanded federal responsibility • President’s increased visibility due to the development of mass media • I only • I and IV only • I, III, and IV only • II and IV only • II, III, and IV only

27. Bonus! • The primary goal of the Gramm-Rudman Acts of 1985 and 1987 was to • Strengthen the military • Increase funding for social programs • Reduce the federal deficit • Limit the president’s ability to conduct foreign policy • Allow citizens easier access to government records

28. Unit 5 Scattegories • Cabinet departments • Executive/Bureaucratic agencies

29. AP Review!!

30. Unit 6 • American Foreign policy is directed primarily by • House of Representative • Senate • President • Supreme Court • Federal bureaucracy

31. Unit 6 Scattegories • Environmental policies • Social welfare policies

32. Since the 1960’s, Congress has addressed the problem of gender bias on numerous occasions. • Select one of the following laws and describe how it has attempted to address the problem of gender bias in American society. • The Equal Pay Act of 1963 • The Civil Rights Act of 1964 • Assess the effectiveness of the law • Select one of the following legislative actions and describe how it attempted to address the problem of gender bias in American society. • Title IX of the Higher Education Act of 1973 • The Equal Rights Amendment to the Constitution • Assess the effectiveness of the law

33. “The prosecution of impeachments will seldom fail to agitate the passions of the whole community, and to divide it into parties more or less friendly or inimical to the accused. In many cases it will connect itself with pre-existing factions, and will enlist all their animosities, partialities, influence, and interest on one side or the other, and in such cases there will always be the greatest danger the decision will be regulated more by the comparative strength of parties, than by the real demonstrations of innocence or guilt.” -Alexander Hamilton, Federalist 65

34. The House of Representatives has twice impeached sitting presidents, both of whom avoided removal from office by the Senate. • Define impeachment and removal, and describe the process of both as listed in the Constitution. • Assess the accuracy of Hamilton’s observations as applied to both cases of presidential impeachment. • Identify the strengths and weaknesses of the checks and balances in dealing with Hamilton’s concerns.