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PETROLEUM ENGINEERING 411

PETROLEUM ENGINEERING 411. Lesson 2A Drilling Systems Drilling Rigs Drilling a Well. Homework. Read ADE to p. 21 Learn the Definitions in Lesson 2B ADE # 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 (on the internet) due Monday, September 8, 2003. Rotary Drilling. CHAPTER 1 (ADE). Drilling Team

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PETROLEUM ENGINEERING 411

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  1. PETROLEUM ENGINEERING 411 Lesson 2A Drilling Systems Drilling Rigs Drilling a Well

  2. Homework • Read ADE to p. 21 • Learn the Definitions in Lesson 2B • ADE # 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 (on the internet) due Monday, September 8, 2003 PETE 411 Well Drilling

  3. Rotary Drilling CHAPTER 1 (ADE) • Drilling Team • Drilling Rigs • Rig Power System • Hoisting System • Circulating System . . . PETE 411 Well Drilling

  4. Rotary Drilling - cont’d • The Rotary System • The Well Control System • Well-Monitoring System • Special Marine Equipment • Drilling Cost Analysis • Examples PETE 411 Well Drilling

  5. The Rig Count From the Houston Chronicle, August 2001, 2002 and 2003 PETE 411 Well Drilling

  6. From the Houston Chronicle, Sunday, September 1, 2002 PETE 411 Well Drilling

  7. From the Houston Chronicle, Sunday, August 31, 2003 PETE 411 Well Drilling

  8. Noble Drilling’s Cecil ForbesA Jack-Up Rig PETE 411 Well Drilling

  9. Sonat’s George Washington A Semi-Submersible Rig PETE 411 Well Drilling

  10. Zapata’s TraderA Drillship PETE 411 Well Drilling

  11. Deep Water Development Options SUBSEA COMPLETIONS FIXED PLATFORMS COMPLIANT TOWERS FLOATING PRODUCTION SYSTEMS TENSION LEG PLATFORMS PETE 411 Well Drilling

  12. PETE 411 Well Drilling

  13. TENSION LEG PLATFORM PETE 411 Well Drilling

  14. Shell’s AugerTension Leg Platform PETE 411 Well Drilling

  15. Shell’s BullwinkleWorld’s tallest offshore structure1,353’ water depthProduction began in 198945,000 b/d80MM scf/d PETE 411 Well Drilling

  16. To TENSIONERS SLIP JOINT MARINE RISER GUIDE LINES BOP STACK GUIDE BASE MUDLINE PETE 411 Well Drilling

  17. Fig. 1.3 - Typical drilling rig organization PETE 411 Well Drilling

  18. Fig. 1.4 The rotary drilling process PETE 411 Well Drilling

  19. Fig. 1.5Classification of rotary drilling rigs PETE 411 Well Drilling

  20. Fig. 1.13 Engine power output P = F . V Power = Force * Velocity PETE 411 Well Drilling

  21. TABLE 1.1 - HEATING VALUE OFVARIOUS FUELS PETE 411 Well Drilling

  22. Example 1.1. A diesel engine gives an output torque of 1,740 ft-lbf at an engine speed of 1,200 rpm. If the fuel consumption rate was 31.5 gal/hr, what is the output power and overall efficiency of the engine? Solution:The angular velocity,w , is given by w= 2p(1,200) = 7,539.8 rad/min.) The power output can be computed using Eq.1.1 PETE 411 Well Drilling

  23. Since the fuel type is diesel, the density is 7.2 lbm/gal and the heating value His 19,000 Btu/lbm (Table 1.1). Thus, the fuel consumption rate w f is: wf= 3.78 lbm/min. The total heat energy consumed by the engine is given by Eq. 1.2: PETE 411 Well Drilling

  24. Efficiency = (Power Out / Power in) Qi = w f H Thus, the overall efficiency of the engine at 1,200 rpm given by Eq. 1.3 is PETE 411 Well Drilling

  25. Drilling a Well • Steps in Drilling a Well • Duties of Drilling Engineer • Making a Connection • Making a Trip • Rig Selection Criteria • Derrick Loading • Definitions (Lesson 2B) (separate) PETE 411 Well Drilling

  26. Steps to Drill A Gas/Oil Well 1. Complete or obtain seismic, log, scouting information or other data. 2. Lease the land or obtain concession. 3. Calculate reserves or estimate from best data available. 4. If reserve estimates show payout, proceed with well. 5. Obtain permits from conservation/ national authority. PETE 411 Well Drilling

  27. Steps to Drill a Well - cont’d 6. Prepare drilling and completion program. 7. Ask for bids on footage, day work, or combination from selected drilling contractors based on drilling program. 8. If necessary, modify program to fit selected contractor equipment. PETE 411 Well Drilling

  28. Steps to Drill a Well - cont’d 9. Construct road, location/platforms and other marine equipment necessary for access to site. 10. Gather all personnel concerned for meeting prior to commencing drilling (pre-spud meeting) 11. If necessary, further modify program. 12. Drill well. PETE 411 Well Drilling

  29. Steps to Drill a Well - cont’d 13. Move off contractor if workover unit is to complete the well. 14. Complete well. 15. Install surface facilities. 16. Analysis of operations with concerned personnel. PETE 411 Well Drilling

  30. Drilling OperationsField Engineers, Drilling Foremen A. Well planning prior to SPUD B. Monitor drilling operations C. After drilling, review drilling results and recommend future improvements - prepare report. D. General duties. What are the well requirements? Objectives, safety, cost PETE 411 Well Drilling

  31. Making a Connection Making a Trip PETE 411 Well Drilling

  32. Making a mouse hole connection PETE 411 Well Drilling

  33. Moving Kelly to Single in Mousehole Single Added. Ready to Drill Stabbing the Pipe Making a mouse hole connection - cont’d PETE 411 Well Drilling

  34. Making a trip Why trip? Use Elevators for tripping Put Kelly in Rathole PETE 411 Well Drilling

  35. Tripping one stand at a time 60-90 ft Making a trip - cont’d PETE 411 Well Drilling

  36. Criteria for determining depth limitation • Derrick • Drawworks • Mud Pumps • Drillstring • Mud System • Blowout Preventer • Power Plant PETE 411 Well Drilling

  37. T W T W W W 2W • FIG 1-1 Simple Pulley System T = W LD = 2W (no friction in sheave) PETE 411 Well Drilling

  38. n = number of lines W = weight (hook load) LD = load on derrick • FIG 1-2 Block and Tackle System Assuming no friction W = 4 T T = W/4 LD = 6 T = 6 W/4 PETE 411 Well Drilling

  39. Example 1.1(no friction) The total weight of 9,000 ft of 9 5/8-inch casing for a deep well is determined to be 400,000 lbs. Since this will be the heaviest casing string run, the maximum mast load must be calculated. Assuming that 10 lines run between the crown and the traveling blocks and neglecting buoyancy effects, calculate the maximum load. PETE 411 Well Drilling

  40. Solution: The tension, T, will be distributed equally between the 10 lines. Therefore, T = 400,000/10 = 40,000 lbf The tension in the fast line and dead line will also be 40,000 lbf, so the total load is 40,000 X 12 = 480,000 lbf PETE 411 Well Drilling

  41. Solution, cont. Example 1.1 demonstrates two additional points. 1.The marginal decrease in mast load decreases with additional lines. 2.The total mast load is always greater than the load being lifted. PETE 411 Well Drilling

  42. A Rotary Rig Hoisting System PETE 411 Well Drilling

  43. Projection of Drilling Lines on Rig Floor TOTAL PETE 411 Well Drilling

  44. Load on Derrick(considering friction in sheaves) Derrick Load = Hook Load + Fast Line Load + Dead Line Load Fd = W + Ff + Fs× E = overall efficiency, e.g., E = en = 0.98n PETE 411 Well Drilling

  45. Example 1.2 A rig must hoist a load of 300,000 lbf. The drawworks can provide an input power to the block and tackle system as high as 500 hp. Eight lines are strung between the crown block and traveling block. Calculate 1. The static tension in the fast line when upward motion is impending, 2. the maximum hook horsepower available, PETE 411 Well Drilling

  46. Example 1.2, cont. 3. the maximum hoisting speed, 4. the actual derrick load, 5. the maximum equivalent derrick load, and, 6. the derrick efficiency factor. Assume that the rig floor is arranged as shown in Fig. 1.17. PETE 411 Well Drilling

  47. Solution 1. The power efficiency for n = 8 is given as 0.841 in Table 1.2. The tension in the fast line is given by Eq. 1.7. Tension in the Fast Line, ( 0.988 = 0.851 ) PETE 411 Well Drilling

  48. Solution 2. The maximum hook horsepower available is Ph = E·pi = 0.841(500) = 420.5 hp. PETE 411 Well Drilling

  49. Solution 3. The maximum hoisting speed is given by PETE 411 Well Drilling

  50. Solution to 3., cont. To pull a 90-ft stand would require PETE 411 Well Drilling

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