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Understanding Well Control: Shallow Gas and Subsea Challenges in Petroleum Engineering

This lesson explores critical concepts in well control specifically addressing shallow gas and subsea well control techniques. It covers the characteristics of abnormally pressured shallow gas sands, effective drilling practices with proper mud weights, and specific scenarios encountered during well control events. The importance of managing kicks, fluid circulation, and the role of BOP stacks on the seabed are emphasized. Additionally, the challenges of subsea operations, including riser integrity and the management of mud and gas flow, are discussed to enhance safety and efficiency in petroleum engineering practices.

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Understanding Well Control: Shallow Gas and Subsea Challenges in Petroleum Engineering

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  1. Petroleum Engineering 406 Lesson 7 Well Control Shallow gas and Subsea Well Control

  2. Read • Well Control Manual • Chapter 10,15

  3. Shallow Gas • Many shallow gas sands are abnormally pressured • Total pressure (psi) may be low high EMW • e.g. FP = 452 psi (8.7 ppg eq.) at 1000’ • Drill with 9.0 ppg mud - 0.3 ppg overbalanced only 16 psi = 35’ of fluid

  4. Shallow Gas • If we shut-in on kick • we lose circulation and possibly broach to surface

  5. Shallow Gas Kicks • Pick up Kelly until lower kelly cock clears rotary • Shut down pumps • Check for flow • If flowing, open the down wind diverter valve • Close annular

  6. Shallow Gas Kicks • Start circulating heavy mud with both pumps • If all heavy mud used up, pump all mud in mud pits • When this mud is gone, pump sea water • Continue until well is under control • may deplete • or bridge

  7. Subsea Well Control • Floating rigs • BOP stack on sea floor • Communication from the wellbore to surface through riser

  8. Subsea Well control Kill Line Choke Line Booster Line BOP

  9. Subsea Well control • Riser is not designed to contain pressure • If the riser is evacuated, it will collapse • There is a telescoping joint at the top • Choke and kill lines to circulate kicks through • PVT and flow indicators affected by heave of vessel

  10. Effect of choke and kill line • Possibly high CLFP during kicks • u-tube effect as gas hits choke line • Gas in top of BOP stack • Kill riser after killing well

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