Tracing the beginnings of Multicultural Education:

1. Chapter 5 Tracing the beginnings of Multicultural Education:

2. Key Concepts • Multicultural education • Equality • Inclusion • Civil Rights movement

3. Milestones in Equity in Education • 1954 Brown vs. Board of Education • 1964 Civil Rights Act • 1965 Voting Rights Act • 1966 Coleman Report • 1974 Bilingual Education Act • 1975 Education of All Handicapped Children

4. Milestones in Equity in Education (cont.) • (P.L. 94-142) 1986 Education of the Handicapped Act • (P.L. 99-457) 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act • (P.L. 101-336) 1990 Education of the Handicapped Act • Amendments of 1990 (P.L. 101-476) • 2007 Reauthorization of the IDEA mandate

5. Equity and Equality in Education • Educational Equity – establishes the same educational resources and opportunities for all children, regardless of their diverse characteristics. • Equality in Education – guarantees by law the same access to education regardless of race, color, religion, and national origin.

6. Individuals Who Contributed to Equality in Education • Maria Montessori • Chief Sarah Winnemucca • Jane Addams • Booker T. Washington • Miles A. Cary • Rafael Cordero

7. Milestones of Civil Rights • Plessy vs. Fergusson (1896) – Supreme Court declared civil rights law of 1875 unconstitutional and approved “separate but equal” doctrine that reinstated segregation in society. • Brown vs. the Board of Education of Topeka, KS (1954) – Supreme Court ended segregated school by ruling that segregated school did not provide equal opportunities. • Civil Rights Act (1964) – officially ended segregation in all facets of society.

8. Legacy of the Civil Rights Movement • War on Poverty and Civil Rights Movement target children living in poverty. • Value of early intervention is recognized for the first time. • Children of low socioeconomic communities and ethnic minorities receive help.

9. Legacy of the Civil Rights Movement (cont.) • Project Head Start opens in 1965 with 2,500 child development centers. • Need for parents and teachers to work together is recognized. • Early Head Start in 1990 provides services to infants and toddlers.

10. Legacy of the Civil Rights Movement (cont.) • Education for All Handicapped Act (P.L. 94-142, 1975) – allows children with exceptionalities to receive services in the least-restrictive environment. • Early Intervention Amendments (P.L. 99-457, 1986) – provided services for preschoolers with special needs. • Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) (P.L. 101-476, 1990) – established right of young children to receive services in settings designed for their special needs.

11. Head Start Intervention Services • Development Services – individualized developmental and educational services • Health Services – medical, dental, and mental health services are available to children. • Nutrition Services – healthy meals for children and nutrition information for parents are offered. • Family Services – parenting skills and skills for improving family life are provided.

12. Global Efforts on Behalf of All Children United Nations Millennium Development Goals • Eradication of extreme poverty and hunger • Universal primary education • Gender equity and empowerment of women • Reduction in child mortality • Improvement in maternal health • Reduction in spread of diseases

13. UNICEF’S “A World Fit for Children” • Put children first. • Eradicate poverty. • Leave no child behind. • Care for every child. • Educate every child. • Protect children from harm and exploitation. • Protect children from war. • Combat HIV/AIDS. • Listen to children. • Protect the Earth for children.