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Copenhagen Climate Talks: Technology and Financial Challenges

This presentation by Marisa Beck on the LSE Environmental Society Roundtable discusses key aspects of climate negotiations leading up to the Copenhagen summit. It covers essential elements of the Kyoto Protocol, the challenges in technology transfer and financing for developing countries, and the critical issues faced during COP meetings. The text highlights the urgency to scale up public funds for adaptation and mitigation, the necessity of technology cooperation, and the mobilization of private investments in clean technologies. Moreover, it outlines the goals and outcomes of COP 14 and suggests steps for future negotiations towards a global climate agreement. The presentation emphasizes the importance of political will, cooperation, and innovation in addressing climate change effectively.

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Copenhagen Climate Talks: Technology and Financial Challenges

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  1. LSE Environmental Society Roundtable Presentation by Marisa Beck, Jan. 22, 2009 Please note: I have collected the information in this presentation to my best knowledge and based on my personal experience in Poznan and the resources listed below. However, of course, neither do I guarantee correctness nor do I claim completeness!

  2. POZNAN ... so what???

  3. The Essentials The Convention • 1992: Rio Earth Summit • 192 countries are Parties • objective: avoid dangerous climate change • Annex I: industrialized countries and economies in transition  commitment to return to 1990 levels • Prime authority of Convention: COP • Bodies: SBSTA, SBI, expert groups, UNFCCC secretary • Observers: 50+ intergovernmental agencies, 600+ NGOs

  4. The Essentials The Protocol • 1997: adoption in Kyoto, Japan • 2005: entry into force • ratified by 184 Parties • defines binding targets for 37 industrialised countries • 1st commitment period ends in 2012 • 3 mechanisms: emissions trading, JI, CDM • Adaptation Fund • CMP: meeting parallel to COP

  5. The agenda: Paving the way to Copenhagen COP 14: AWG LCA • efforts by emerging economies + USA • technology transfer • financing mechanism • deforestation & REDD to be concluded by 2009!

  6. The agenda: Paving the way to Copenhagen CMP 4: AWG KP • new targets for 2nd commitment period • 2 degree limit: 25-40% reduction by 2020 in Annex I countries • main blockers: Canada, Japan, Russia, Australia • further development of CDM: sectoral, policy CDM... • to be concluded by 2009

  7. The results • minimum (formal) requirements for successful negotiations in Copenhagen: mandates for negotiations in both tracks (COP & CMP) • Adaptation Fund: progress! Governance issues solved! Ready for implementation!  BUT: No big step forward! Still lack of political will!

  8. Technology Transfer & Financing Top spot on Poznan‘s agenda – how come? Convention Art 4.3: „... new and additional financial resources to meet the agreed full costs incurred by developing country Parties in complying with their obligations ...“ (source: UN, 1992) Convention Art 4.5: „... to promote, facilitate and finance, as appropriate, the transfer of, or access to, environmentally sound technologies and know-how to other Parties, particularly to developing countries ...““ (source: UN, 1992)  review showed: insufficient implementation!

  9. Technology Transfer & Financing COP 13 Bali Action Plan: „Nationally appropriate mitigation actions by developing country Parties in the context of sustainable development, supported and enabled by technology, financing and capacity-building, in a measurable, reportable and verifiable manner.“ (source: UNFCCC, 2007) • NEW: clear linkage of DC actions to cooperation through MRV criteria  definition? performance indicators?

  10. Technology Transfer & Financing What are the most important issues? • massive scale-up of public funds for adaptation, mitigation necessary • large scale technology cooperation required • mechanisms to mobilize private investments in innovation, deployment and diffusion of clean technologies • heart of the debate: Industry Competitiveness!

  11. Technology Transfer & Financing What happened at COP 14? • multiple proposals by developing countries: • establishment of a new and additional funds/mechanisms/institutions under the UNFCCC • binding obligations for Annex I parties (‚polluter pays‘) • enhancement of research cooperation & joint ventures • compulsory licensing of patented technologies want access to technologies to boost domestic economy

  12. Technology Transfer & Financing • blocked by many Annex I countries: • use existing institutions, processes & mechanisms • focus on (bilateral) voluntary agreements • improve „enabling environments“ for tech diffusion, e.g. strong IPR regimes • positive exceptions: • Norway: auctioning of AAUs • Switzerland: carbon tax  want export to new markets, but fear low-cost competition

  13. What‘s next? Critical processes in 2009: • define shared vision for new agreement: establish political will! • establish strong negotiation coalitions, avoid North-South divide • leadership of new US-administration? • green bail-out investments? On the road to Copenhagen... • parties‘ submissions by February • meetings in March/April and June in Bonn • first draft of negotiation text expected in June

  14. COPENHAGEN ... we can???

  15. Wanna know more??? Resources • General: www.unfccc.int • United Nations (1992): United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. See: http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/conveng.pdf • UNFCCC (2007): Bali Action Plan. Decision -/CP.13. See:http://unfccc.int/files/meetings/cop_13/application/pdf/cp_bali_action.pdf • Poznan results: “Between Poznan and Copenhagen: The climate train in the “valley of death” by C. Bals, Germanwatch. January 2009. http://www.germanwatch.org/klima/c14rese.pdf

  16. Wanna know more???Resources • MRVs: “Measuring the way to a new global climate agreement.” Discussion paper by the World Resource Institute. December 2008.http://pdf.wri.org/measuring_the_way_to_a_new_global_climate_agreement.pdf • Technology Transfer: “Innovation and Technology Transfer” by S. Tomlinson, P. Zorlu, & C. Langley, an E3G report with contributions from the Chatham House. November 2008. http://www.e3g.org/images/uploads/E3G_Innovation_and_Technology_Full_Report.pdf

  17. Wanna know more???Resources • Financing: “Investment and financial flows to address climate change. An update.” Technical Paper by the UNFCCC. December 2008. http://unfccc.int/files/cooperation_and_support/financial_mechanism/application/pdf/background_paper.pdf

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