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THE DIPLOMACY OF GREAT POWER RIVALRY

THE DIPLOMACY OF GREAT POWER RIVALRY. THE ORIGINS OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR 1870-1914. OUTLINE. 1- Europe in the World: 1870-1914 2- Nationalisms and internationalisms 3-The evolution of war in the early 20 th century

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THE DIPLOMACY OF GREAT POWER RIVALRY

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  1. THE DIPLOMACY OF GREAT POWER RIVALRY THE ORIGINS OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR 1870-1914

  2. OUTLINE 1- Europe in the World: 1870-1914 2- Nationalisms and internationalisms 3-The evolution of war in the early 20th century 4- The souvenir of 1870, Alsace-Lorraine and revenge: Franco-German relations until 1914 5- Economic and colonial rivalries 6- The evolution of international relations: 1905-1914 7- Balkan entanglements 8-Assassination in Sarajevo: the march to war

  3. BOOKS OF INTEREST

  4. THE DOMINATION OF EUROPE

  5. THE 19TH CENTURY: THE FIRST GOLDEN AGE OF GLOBALIZATION The Industrial Revolution: acceleration of globalization The impact of new technologies

  6. THE RIGHTS OF MAN AND DEMOCRACY Equality between men The people is sovereign = THE BIRTH OF MODERN DEMOCRACY

  7. THE EVOLUTION OF WARFARE The end of dynastic conflicts New technological innovations - The American Civil War (1861-1865)

  8. EUROPEAN EXPANSIONISM Increased technological gap Europe-Non European societies Europe’s expansionism accelerates in the 19th century

  9. THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES Darwin Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck

  10. EVOLUTION BY NATURAL SELECTION A common universal ancestor

  11. SOCIAL DARWINISM The survival of the fittest in society Little to no government interference Herbert Spencer EACH PERSON CONTROLS HIS OR HER ECONOMIC DESTINY

  12. JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER “The growth of large corporation is merely a survival of the fittest, the working out of a law of nature and a law of God.”

  13. “A CLASH OF CIVILIZATIONS”

  14. THE FAR EAST Two powerful states: China & Japan China (the Middle-Kingdom): One of the largest empires on the planet Strong political and administrative centralization (30,000 imperial bureaucrats)

  15. THE DECLINE OF CHINA The First Opium War (1839-1842) and the Treaty of Nanking: British economic penetration in China + Hong Kong Political anarchy = Treaty of Tientsin (1858) and increased European economic penetration 1860: the Franco-British expedition Permanent European embassies in China

  16. THE “SCRAMBLE FOR CHINA”

  17. THE CONFERENCE OF BERLIN (1885)

  18. AFRICA COLONIZED

  19. THE BRITISH EMPIRE IN 1914

  20. JAPAN’S RESPONSE TO WESTERN COLONIZATION The Meiji era (1868-1912) Traditional Japanese values such as honor and sacrifice were put to the new Japan’s service Systematic imitation of foreign traditions

  21. A REACTION TO THE ‘WESTERN THREAT’ European-style military instruction The learning of English Diplomatic missions to the U.S. and Europe The assimilation of Western technologies FukuzawaYukichi

  22. THE RISE OF JAPAN’S EXPANSIONISM The Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905): the first major military victory of an Asian power over a European nation Korea colonized (1910) COLLISION COURSE WITH THE UNITED STATES

  23. THE UNITED STATES AND THE MONROE DOCTRINE (1823) “the American continents, by the free and independent condition which they have assumed and maintain, are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers.” 1861-1866: No to the French expedition to Mexico From continental to global expansion

  24. THE TREATY OF PARIS (1898) 1- The “independence” of Cuba 2- The Philippines, Puerto Rican and Guam granted to the U.S. in return for a $20 million payment to Spain The U.S. had already annexed Wake Island and Hawaii INTENSE DEBATE: EXPANSIONISTS vs. ISOLATIONISTS

  25. ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS The end of the frontier (1890) = the need to find new markets for American goods The Chinese market: 400 million consumers Intense lobbying: the American China Development Company The Philippines: a door to China

  26. THE FIRST “OPEN DOOR NOTE” (1898) 1- China’s territorial integrity MUST be respected 2- European powers MUST permit free trade ports in their spheres of influence Secretary of State - John Hay

  27. 1900: THE BOXER REBELLION Foreign intervention Expansion of existing spheres of influence The Second Open Door Note An American sphere of influence China’s weakened state = deep resentment among Chinese

  28. “MANIFEST DESTINY” A key global role for the U.S. The rise of jingoism (nationalism + racism): the superiority of the “Anglo-Saxon race” To bring freedom, democracy and progress to “inferior” races – The “White Man’s Burden” AMERICAN EXCEPTIONALISM

  29. Ms. Columbia’s School House

  30. THE DECLINE OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE

  31. A CONSTITUTIONAL REVOLUTION IN IRAN (1905-1906) A constitutional monarchy BUT 1907: Great Britain and Russia agreed on a possible dismemberment of Iran

  32. THE “TITANIC SYNDROME”

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