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AP Biology Exam Review (2002-2003). Body Systems. Connective tissue. Human digestive system. Digestive enzymes. Small intestine. Open vs. closed circulatory system. Blood pressure. Counter current exchange in gills. Controlling breathing. Medulla oblongata Autonomic nervous system.
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AP Biology Exam Review(2002-2003) Body Systems
Controllingbreathing • Medulla oblongata • Autonomic nervous system
Blood CO2 transport • Carbonic acid (changes in pH) • Hemoglobin = heme group, able to bind oxygen
Control • Detecting increase in blood pressure triggers excretory actions
Endocrinesystems • Hypothalamus controls the pituitary gland • Pituitary gland controls the majority of hormones.
Maleanatomy • Testes – produces sperm • Testes held in scrotum
Menstruation • FSH • LH • Estrogen • Progesterone
Human embyonicdevelopment • Blastocyst (blastula – hollow ball) • Gastrulation (gastrula – cells dive into center)
Action potential • Depolarize – inside of axon more positive • Hyperpolarize – inside of axon less negative • Refractory period – “recovery” period to reestablish resting potential