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Bellringer: 10/22 and 10/23

Bellringer: 10/22 and 10/23. Using your notes from last class, name as many advancements of the Mauryan and Gupta Empires in classical India as possible. Talk with your neighbors quietly about your answers. Table of Contents Update:. Page 38: Classical China Notes Page 39: Unit 3 Study Guide.

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Bellringer: 10/22 and 10/23

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  1. Bellringer: 10/22 and 10/23 • Using your notes from last class, name as many advancements of the Mauryan and Gupta Empires in classical India as possible. • Talk with your neighbors quietly about your answers.

  2. Table of Contents Update: • Page 38: Classical China Notes • Page 39: Unit 3 Study Guide

  3. Agenda: 10/22 and 10/23 • 1. Bellringer • 2. Notes: Classical China • 3. Study Guide Review (Block 3) • 4. Squares Game (Blocks 5 & 8)

  4. Classical China:Qin, Han Dynasties and Chinese Philosophies Ms. Allen 2015-16 Pre-AP WHI

  5. 1. The dynastic cycle and the Mandate of Heaven • New family establishes dynasty (new institutions, economy) • Dynasty grows weak • Internal rebellions and/or external rebellions • New dynasty emerges

  6. Mandate of Heaven • Belief that the gods transfer power to a certain family meant to establish a dynasty and rule the region • How is the mandate lost? • Emperors were Sons of Heaven

  7. Timeline of Classical China • Shang: 1766 - 1122 BCE • Zhou: 1029 - 258 BCE • Era of Warring States: 402 BCE - 201 BCE • Qin: 221 - 202 BCE • Han: 202 BCE - 220 CE

  8. Timeline of Classical China • Shang: 1766 - 1122 BCE • Zhou: 1029 - 258 BCE • Era of Warring States: 402 BCE - 201 BCE • Qin: 221 - 202 BCE • Han: 202 BCE - 220 CE

  9. 2. Period of Warring States • 402 BCE - 201 BCE • Competing interests of landowning class and ruling class cause political turmoil • Landowners raise own military - origins of regional warlords • No political unity - China is exceptionally weak • Cultural innovations survive • Results in new philosophies

  10. 3. Qin Dynasty: Main Ideas • Emerges out of Period of Warring States • Promotes Legalism • Great Wall • Founder: Shi Huangdi (“First Emperor”) • Goals: • Unify and expand China • Restore order

  11. 9. Han Dynasty: Main Ideas • One of the golden ages of Chinese civilization • Promotes tradition (ancestor worship, respecting elders) • Many advancements made in technology and innovation • Confucianism over Legalism

  12. Dynasties in China Qin Dynasty

  13. 4. Qin:Geography

  14. 4. Qin: Religion • Remains polytheistic • Religion = less important under Qin than Han • Reduces influence of ancestor worship

  15. Qin : Achievements/Culture • Confucianism looked down upon and followers persecuted • Legalism promoted • Architectural: Initiates construction of Great Wall; Terracotta Soldiers/Tomb of Shi Huangdi • Uniform written language • Banned books • Way to consolidate power

  16. 5. Qin: Political • Emperor had complete control over all aspects of society • Civil service exams, not social class, determine your job in the government • Bureaucratic gov’t • Power of nobles reduced • Expansion-minded • Army crush rivals and regional rebellions • Took land in Hong Kong, Vietnam

  17. 8. Qin: Economics • Introduced standard weights and measures • Eliminated the very rare practice of slavery • Forced labor necessary for construction projects • Extremely high taxes • Sponsored agricultural projects (irrigation) and manufacturing of silk

  18. 4. Qin: Social • Primogeniture eliminated (practice of having eldest son inherit all property and land) • Less emphasis placed on social class under Qin dynasty • Nobles must live in Emperor’s court • Not allowed to live on ancestral, inherited land • “Keep your friends close and your enemies closer”

  19. Why did the Qin Dynasty fall? • Shi Huangdi • Extremely paranoid; killed off suspected enemies (nobles, intellectuals, warlords) • Desire to control EVERYTHING • High taxes, forced labor = people  • Shi Huangdi dies in 210 BCE; followed by 8 years of peasant revolts to determine successor - winner establishes Han Dynasty

  20. Dynasties in China Han Dynasty

  21. 4. Han: Geography

  22. 10. Han: Religion • Emphasized ancestor worship, traditional religion • Polytheistic

  23. 13. Han: Achievements • Emphasis on filial piety (respecting one’s elders, family) • Direct trade with Rome • Massive achievements in science, technology, medicine, and arts • Inventions include paper, plows, harness/collar, pulleys, wheelbarrow

  24. 11. Han: Political • Centralized government • Expanded territory (into Korea, Indochina, parts of Central Asia) • Bureaucratic structure linked to Confucianism • More emphasis on social standing than in Qin dynasty • Civil service exams + social standing = your civil service position in the government

  25. 14. Han: Economics • Trade and agriculture dominated the Han economy • Using coins made of copper as currency • Trade along the Silk Road strengthened • Nationalization of salt, iron industries • Growth in national and local businesses and industries

  26. 10. Han: Social • Social stratification exists • Landed gentry (nobles), educated bureaucrats, skilled workers, farmers, peasants • More social mobility than in India • Poor people = could move up by passing civil service exam – not easy to do though • Patriarchal society • Brings back primogeniture (everything goes through the first-born son)

  27. Rise of Chinese Philosophies • Confucianism • Daoism/Taoism • Legalism

  28. Confucianism • Five Basic Relationships in Society • Ruler/Subject • Father/Son • Husband/Wife • Older Brother/Younger Brother • Friend/Friend • Chinese gentleman - education and moral standards; birth status not important • Bureaucracy - those who help run government • Courteous, precise, generous, just/fair

  29. Confucianism • Founder: Confucius (K’ung Fu Tzu) • Lives during Period of Warring States • Scholar - history, music, ethics • Main Writing: The Analects • Promoted by followers - Mencius

  30. Daoism/Taoism • Founded by Lao Tze(604-531 BCE) • Main Writing: Tao-te-Ching (The Way of Virtue) • Human actions are not important • Search for knowledge and understanding of nature • Most important part of society is natural order of things (natural forces, yin/yang) • The Tao (The Way) – guides all things

  31. Legalism • Practical, political reaction to Confucianism • Founder: Han Feizi - 3rd century BCE • Main idea: Powerful and efficient government is key to restoring order • Laws will end civil war and restore harmony • Rewards to good subjects and punish disobedient • Rulers must control ideas and actions of people • Favored by Shi Huangdi during Qin dyansty

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