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Unit-C Human Body Systems

Unit-C Human Body Systems. Anatomy & Physiology 1H03.01. Anatomy studies the shape an structure of an organisms body and the relationship of one body part to another .

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Unit-C Human Body Systems

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  1. Unit-C Human Body Systems

  2. Anatomy & Physiology1H03.01 Anatomy studies the shape an structure of an organisms body and the relationship of one body part to another. Physiology studies the function of each body part and how the functions of the various body parts coordinate to form a complete living organism. For our purposes in this unit it is the study of directions, positions, planes, sections, cavities, and abdominal and pelvic regions.

  3. Body Planes: • Definition = imaginary lines drawn through the body to separate the body into sections.

  4. Directions/Position Anterior and ventral – front or in front of Posterior or dorsal - back or in back of Cranial and caudal - cranial:head end caudal: tail end Superior and inferior- superior: upper or above inferior: lower or below Medial and lateral - medial: toward the midline lateral: away from midline Proximal and distal - proximal: toward the trunk distal: farthest from trunk Superficial or external - on or near the surface of body Deep or internal - inside or about a body cavity

  5. Directions/Positions • Median/Saggittal Plane – divides body into right & left parts. • Frontal/Coronal Plane – vertical cut at right angles to saggital plane, divides into anterior and posterior portions • Transverse/Horizontal Plane – cross-section, a horizontal cut that divides the body into upper and lower parts. Anatomical position

  6. Planes and Sections

  7. A horizontal cut that divides the body into upper and lower parts. Transverse (cross-section)

  8. A vertical cut at right angles to the sagittal plane, dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions. Coronal Plane

  9. Divides the body into right and left parts. Sagittal Plane

  10. Cavities The urinary bladder is found in the pelvic cavity

  11. Urinary bladder, reproductive organs, rectum, remainder of the large intestine, and the appendix. Pelvic Cavity

  12. Contains the stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, small intestine, appendix, and part of the large intestine. Abdominal Cavity

  13. The second largest hollow space of the body. It is enclosed by the ribs, the vertebral column, and the sternum, or breastbone, and is separated from the abdominal cavity (the body’s largest hollow space) by a muscular & membranous partition, the diaphragm. It contains the lungs, the middle & lower airways—the tracheobronchial tree—the heart, the vessels transporting blood between the heart and the lungs, the great arteries bringing blood from the heart out into general circulation, and the major veins into which the blood is collected for transport back to the heart. Thoracic Cavity

  14. The space in vertebrae through which the spinal cord passes. Spinal Cavity

  15. Where the brain is located. Cranial Cavity

  16. Contains the brain and spinal cord Dorsal cavity

  17. upper left quadrant ULQ lower left quadrant LLQ upper right quadrant URQ lower right quadrant LRQ 4 quadrants

  18. The second way of dividing the abdominal surface is into 9 regions: • left hypochondriac LH • left lumbar LL • left iliac (inginal) LI • epigastric E • umbilical U • hypogastric H • right hypochondriac RH • right lumbar RL • right iliac (inginal)RI

  19. Epigastric – located just below the sternum (breast bone) Right Hypochondriac and the left hypochondriac regions are located below the ribs. Umbilical – located around the naval or umbilicus Right lumbar region and the left lumbar region extend from anterior to posterior. ( A person will complain of back pain or lumbar pain.) and on either side of the umbilical region Hypogastric – the pubic area Right & Left Iliac regions are located on both sides of the hypogastric region. Abdominal/Pelvic Regions

  20. Body Tissues and Membranes 1H03.02

  21. Levels of Organization in the Body • Cells • Tissues • Epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous • Organs • Examples include stomach, liver, heart • Organ Systems • Examples include digestive and circulatory systems

  22. Tissues in the Human Body • Epithelial • Covering or lining tissue • Connective I.e. adipose, cartilage, tendons & ligaments • Joins, stores and supports • Muscle • Internal and external movement • Nerve • Conducts electrical signals Blood Muscle Nerve

  23. Firm, flexible support of the embryonic skeleton and part of the adult skeleton Cartilage

  24. White bands of connective tissue attaching skeletal muscle to bone. Tendons

  25. A type of connective tissue that stores fat cells Adipose Tissue

  26. Strong, flexible bands of connective tissue that hold bones firmly together at the joints Ligaments

  27. Nervous Tissue – cells that react to stimuli and conduct an impulse

  28. Muscle Tissue – has the ability to contract and move the body

  29. Connective Tissue- supports and connects organs and tissue

  30. Epithelial Tissue – protects the body by covering internal and external surfaces.

  31. SEROUS MEMBRANES – double-walled membrane - produces a watery fluid, lines closed body cavities. PLEURAL MEMBRANE – lines thoracic or chest cavity and protects the lungs. MEMBRANES

  32. 1.the outer part of the membrane that lines the cavity is the PARIETAL membrane. 2.the part that covers the organs is the VISCERAL membrane.

  33. Lines the heart cavity & protects the heart. PERICARDIAL MEMBRANE

  34. Lines the abdominal cavity and protects abdominal organs. PERITONEAL MEMBRANE

  35. Lines digestive, respiratory, reproductive and urinary systems – produces mucous to lubricate and protect the lining. MUCOUS MEMBRANES

  36. ORGANS AND SYSTEMS • ORGAN SYSTEM – a group of organs which act together to perform a specific, related function • ·Integumentary • ·Skeletal • ·Muscular • ·Digestive • ·Respiratory • ·Circulatory- most complex • ·Excretory • · Nervous- brain nerves and spinal cord • ·Endocrine- makes hormones • ·Reproductive

  37. IntegumentarySystem I.e. SKIN

  38. Skull Scapula Clavicle Humerus Sternum Ribs Ulna Radius Carpals Metacarpals Pelvis Phalanges Femur Patella Fibula Tibia Tarsals Metatarsals Skeleton System Phalanges

  39. Deltoid Pectoralis major Biceps brachi Gluteus maximus Rectus femoris Gastrocnemius Muscular System

  40. Mouth Pharynx Esophagus Liver Stomach Large Intestine Small Intestine Villi Digestive System

  41. Nasal Passage Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchus Bronchioles Alveoli Respiratory System

  42. Nephron Kidney Kidney Ureter Urinary Bladder Urethra Urinary System

  43. Cerebrum Dendrite Cell body Corpus callosum Thalamus Myelin sheath Hypothalamus Axon Node of Ranvier Axon terminals Midbrain Cerebellum Pons Medulla oblongata Spinal cord Nervous System

  44. Hypothalamus and Pituitary gland Thyroid and Parathyroid glands Thymus Adrenal gland Pancreas Ovary Testis Endocrine System

  45. Fallopian tube Uterus Urinary bladder Vagina Anterior View SagittalView Fallopian tube Uterus Ovary Vagina Reproductive System

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