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Civil War Major Battles

Civil War Major Battles. AP US History Unit 6: Civil War and Reconstruction. Fort Sumter. April 12, 1861 South Carolina Lincoln sends supplies to the arsenal with US Navy. South Carolina sees this as a threat and bombards fort for 34 hours. South takes the fort.

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Civil War Major Battles

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  1. Civil War Major Battles AP US History Unit 6: Civil War and Reconstruction

  2. Fort Sumter • April 12, 1861 • South Carolina • Lincoln sends supplies to the arsenal with US Navy. • South Carolina sees this as a threat and bombards fort for 34 hours. • South takes the fort. • Lincoln responds by calling for 75,000 troops. • The Civil War begins….

  3. Bull Run • July 21, 1861 • Manassas, Va. • Union: McDowell • Confederacy: Beauregard/Jackson • The arrival of Confederate reinforcements helps the South cause a Union retreat. • Southern victory sends a message to the North that this will not be a short and easy war.

  4. Battle of the Ironclads • March 9, 1862 • Hampton Roads, Va. • Union: “Monitor” • Confederacy: “Merimack” or “Virginia”. • Fights to a draw. • This ended the threat of the Confederacy breaking the Union blockade of southern ports.

  5. Peninsula Campaign/Seven Days Battle • Spring, 1862/ June 26-July 2, 1862 • James and York Rivers en route to Richmond. • Union: McClellan • Confederacy: Jackson/Lee • McClellan slow to move. Overcautious without reinforcements (they were never received) He never invaded Richmond. • The Seven Days battle was Lee’s counter attack which pushed the Union back for a victory for the South. • Richmond was successfully defended.

  6. Second Battle of Bull Run • August 29-30, 1862 • Manassas, Va. • Union: John Pope • Confederates: Lee • Southern victory provides Lee with confidence to move on Border State Maryland. • Lee and Confederates abandon original battle plan. • What were they hoping for?

  7. Battle of Antietam/Sharpsburg • September 17, 1862 • Antietam Creek, Md. • Union: McClellan • Confederates: Lee • Union finds Lee’s battle plans and stop the Confederate’s advancement. • The wars turning point. • The bloodiest single day battle of the war. • Union “victory” gives Lincoln the needed momentum to deliver the Emancipation Proclamation. • This changes the character of the war to more of a moral crusade.

  8. Battle of Gettysburg • July 1-3, 1863 • Gettysburg, Pa. • Union: George Meade • Confederates: Lee/Pickett • 92,000 Union vs. 76,000 Confederate • Union victory during “Pickett’s Charge” • This was the last chance for a Southern victory. • This was the northernmost advancement for the Confederacy in all of the war. • Broke the back and will of the Confederates. • Lincoln delivers Gettysburg address.

  9. Siege of Vicksburg • July 4, 1863 • Vicksburg, Ms. • Union: Grant • Confederates: John Pemberton • Grant and Union lay siege to the city of Vicksburg • The Union victory gives them control over the Mississippi River.

  10. Sherman’s March to the Sea • September, 1864 • Atlanta and Savanna, Georgia • Union: William Tecumseh Sherman • “Total War” • Destruction of Georgia’s economy • Burning of cities, homes, crops, cattle, and derailing of RR. • Weakened morale of Confederate soldiers

  11. Wilderness Campaign • May-June 1864 • Northern Virginia • Grant’s offensive maneuvering against Lee to get closer to Richmond. • Both sides suffered heavy losses. • Although the Union lost more men, the Confederates couldn’t replenish and were surrounded at Richmond. • Leads to the siege and take over of Richmond.

  12. The taking of Richmond and Appomattox Courthouse • April, 1865 • Appomattox, Va. • Union: Grant • Confederates: Lee • Lee surrenders to Grant ending the Civil War. • “There is nothing left for me to do, but to go and see General Grant and I would rather die a thousand deaths.”

  13. Images of War

  14. Confederate Leaders • Thomas Jonathan “Stonewall” Jackson • Robert E. Lee

  15. Confederate Leaders • Pierre GustaveToutant de Beauregard • George Pickett

  16. Union Leaders • George McClellan • Ulysses S Grant

  17. Union Leaders • George Meade • William Sherman

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