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AIDS: Case Study

AIDS: Case Study. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. Disease. In 2009, the WHO estimated 33.4 million people with AIDS worldwide 2.7 million new HIV infections each year. Disease. Final stage of HIV Considered a Pandemic Interferes with the immune system. Disease Causing Agent.

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AIDS: Case Study

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  1. AIDS: Case Study Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

  2. Disease • In 2009, the WHO estimated 33.4 million people with AIDS worldwide • 2.7 million new HIV infections each year

  3. Disease • Final stage of HIV • Considered a Pandemic • Interferes with the immune system

  4. Disease Causing Agent • Lysogenic virus

  5. Infectious Mechanism • Transmitted through body fluids

  6. Transmission • Mucous membranes and blood stream: • Blood • Hypodermic needles • Vaginal, oral, or anal sex • Pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding

  7. Symptoms • Immunosuppressant • Opportunistic infections • Tumors • Flu-like illness upon contraction (sometimes)

  8. Kaposi’s Sarcoma

  9. Lymphoma

  10. Fungal Infections

  11. Pneumocystis Pneumonia

  12. AIDS dementia complex

  13. Weight Loss and Wasting

  14. Diagnosis • Blood Testing

  15. Treatment • Drug ‘cocktails’ • HAART • Highly active anti retroviral therapy • Expensive • Multiple side effects • Not available in all countries

  16. Cures? • There is currently no cure for HIV or AIDS

  17. Major Misconceptions • HIV is the same as AIDS • Sex with a virgin cures AIDS • HIV antibody testing is unreliable • HIV can be transmitted by: • Hugging • Touching • Kissing • Coughing • Sneezing • HIV positive people can be detected by their appearance

  18. Major Misconceptions • HIV cannot be transmitted through oral sex • HIV is transmitted by mosquitoes • HIV cannot live for very long outside the body • HIV only infects homosexual men and drug users • A woman with HIV cannot have children • AIDS came from human-monkey intercourse

  19. Historical • 60 million people infected worldwide • 25 million deaths • First reported on June 5th, 1981 • By CDC due to 5 homosexual men contracting pneumocystis pneumonia

  20. Historical • Originally called GRID • Gay Related Immune Deficiency • 4 H Disease • Homosexual, Heroin user, Haitians, Hemophiliacs

  21. Historical • First positive case from the Congo in 1959 • Genetic studies show it jumped from chimpanzees around 50 years earlier

  22. Historical • Most likely entered the U.S. from Haiti

  23. Historical • Rock Hudson • Freddie Mercury • Arthur Ashe • Magic Johnson • Isaac Asimov

  24. Political Impact • Truly and international disease • If a country acts quickly spread can be slowed • Used to be a death sentence

  25. Africa • Worst affected continent • 9 countries have more than 10% of adult population infected • Botswana = 24.8% • South Africa = 17.8% • ~5.6 million people have HIV • Most of any country

  26. political • Spending • Education • Medicine and Health • Health workers • Diagnostic tests

  27. Propaganda

  28. Discussion Questions • Why is HIV considered an international disease? • Is AIDS a pandemic? Why or why not? • How does scientific education affect the spread of AIDS? • How has HIV changed with regard to lifespan over the last 60 years? • Why is Africa called a continent of orphans?

  29. Assessment • 1. What were the major populations initially at risk of contracting HIV in the U.S.? • 2. What population is the fastest rising group that is contracting HIV? • 3. What are 3 ways that HIV can be transmitted? • 4. What region of the world is currently the most affected by HIV and AIDS? • 5. Describe one of the major symptoms of HIV or AIDS.

  30. Assessment • 6. What do you think is the best way for the CDC and WHO to handle the current AIDS pandemic? What do you think is the best preventative technique?

  31. Bibliography • “AIDS” Wikipedia Online Encyclopedia (2012) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIDS • History of AIDS 1987 – 1992. AVERT: AVERTing HIV and AIDS. (2011) http://www.avert.org/aids-history87-92.htm • "A Pocket Guide to Adult HIV/AIDS Treatment February 2006 edition". Department of Health and Human Services. February 2006. http://hab.hrsa.gov/tools/HIVpocketguide/PktGPEP.htm. • World Health Organization (1990). "Interim proposal for a WHO staging system for HIV infection and disease". WHO Wkly Epidem. Rec.65 (29): 221–228. • Grant I, Sacktor H, McArthur J (2005). "HIV neurocognitive disorders". In H.E. Gendelman, I. Grant, I. Everall, S. A. Lipton, and S. Swindells. (ed.) (PDF). The Neurology of AIDS (2nd ed.). London, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 357–373. • "HIV and Its Transmission". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2003. Archived from the original on February 4, 2005. http://web.archive.org/web/20050204141148/http://www.cdc.gov/HIV/pubs/facts/transmission.htm. • UNAIDS, WHO (December 2007). "2007 AIDS epidemic update“ • Gao F, Bailes E, Robertson DL et al (1999). "Origin of HIV-1 in the Chimpanzee Pan troglodytes troglodytes". Nature397 (6718): 436–441.

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