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D.V.Skobeltsyn INP Moscow State University

D.V.Skobeltsyn INP Moscow State University. TUS/KLYPVE Collaboration. V. Alexandrov, D. Bugrov, G. Garipov, N.Kalmykov, B.Khrenov, M. Panasyuk, S.Sharakin, A. Silaev, I. Yashin. JINR, Dubna, Russia. V. Grebenyuk,M. Finger,

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D.V.Skobeltsyn INP Moscow State University

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  1. D.V.Skobeltsyn INP Moscow State University TUS/KLYPVE Collaboration V. Alexandrov, D. Bugrov, G. Garipov, N.Kalmykov,B.Khrenov, M. Panasyuk, S.Sharakin, A. Silaev, I. Yashin JINR, Dubna, Russia V. Grebenyuk,M. Finger, A. Zhuchkova, D. Naumov, Nguen Man Sat, A. Olshevsky, B. Sabirov, L. Tkatchev, N. Zaikin UHECRs measurements from Space via detection of fluorescent and Cherenkov light produced by EAS “Energia” Korolev (Rocket Space Corporation) Goal: O. Saprykin, V. Syromyatnikov “Luch” Syzran SCTB, Russia E. Bitkin, S. Eremin, A. Matyushkin, F. Urmantsev 1.5 m diameter Fresnel Mirror Background measurement dozens events per year with E>1020 eV TUS: Mexico University, Mexico A. Cordero, O. Martinez, E. Morena, C. Robledo,H. Salazar,L. Villaseeor, A. Zepeda Ewha Womans University Seoul, South Korea TUS2: Double TUS I. Park NIO KOMPAS, Czech Republic 3.5 m diameter Fresnel Mirror #103 events per year #102 events with E>1020 eV KLYPVE: M. Shonsky Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic J. Zicha

  2. Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) Modulated by solar activity GROUND BASED DETECTOR DATA ON UHECR 1 particle per m2×second 1st knee 1 particle per m2×year 2nd knee Ankle 1 particle per km2×year Energy, eV Energy, eV Energy, eV aqqqq • What is their origin? Top-down? Bottom-up? Source? • What is the nature of UHECRs? p,Fe,, • What is their spectrum? consistent with GZK (p+2.7  p + 0)?

  3. Concept of TUS/TUS2 space free flyer 16x16 PMTs Fresnel mirror 10 rings Focal distance is 1.5 m Field of View is 7.3o

  4. [mm] Fresnel Mirror R&D Measured vs theory mold production in JINR/Dubna Space qualified carbon-plastic Fresnel mirror to be produced At “Luch” (Syzran) Mirror mold section Measured - theory Ring number The light spread radius on the focal plane: 90% 80% 70%

  5. Simulation • SLAST package: • 3D Geometry • Various Atmosphere profiles • GIL parameterization of CORSIKA • Hillas parameterization for the energy distribution • First interaction of nuclei or neutrino from cross-section • Fluorescence as a function of altitude in the atmosphere and the shower age • Cherenkov light simulation • LOWTRAN7.1 atmosphere response Events per year KLYPVE TUS • Electronics Simulation: • Analog & Digital • Multi-Level trigger system with two modes: “vertical” & horizontal showers

  6. TUS relative resolution of Hmax as a function of zenith angle for: Reconstruction Golden Events • Reconstruction: (under way) • Arrival direction • Hmax and Xmax for : • Golden events • Fluorescent events • Energy Cherenkov echo gives us a reference point to reconstruct Hmax for golden events. Temporal profile of (quasi) horizontal showers is sensitive to Hmax. This makes possible to reconstruct Hmax (and Xmax) for events without Cherenkov echo. Both methods are complementary to each other. Fluorescent Events

  7. Conclusions TUS will measure in one year: • The real background  need for all space based experiments • dozens of events above 1020 eV  more than the world current statistics (with overall sky coverage) TUS as a space based experiment will: • Test the approach preparing for the next generation of experiments: EUSO, KLYPVE,OWL and OTHERS!

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