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Implementation of Alternative Energy in Kelly Hall

Addressing the global energy crisis by implementing alternative energy sources on Kelly Hall at Drexel University. Analyzing solar panels, wind energy, and fuel cells for optimal efficiency and cost-effectiveness.

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Implementation of Alternative Energy in Kelly Hall

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  1. Solar Energy Technology Implementation of Alternative Energy in Kelly Hall Team 007-4: Scott Gardner Jessica George Charles Gibson Robert Pisch Technical Advisor:Yossef Elabd

  2. Overview • Background Information • Criteria / Constraints • Alternatives • Final Design

  3. Mission We plan to help Drexel University begin the transition to becoming a more environmentally-friendly campus by implementing alternative energy sources on Kelly Hall.

  4. The Global Energy Crisis • World fossil fuel production is predicted to peak within the next 20 years1 • Energy production will then fall quickly1 http://arts.bev.net/roperldavid/minerals/crudeoil.htm2 http://www.geocities.com/davidmdelaney/oil-depletion/oil-depletion.html1

  5. The Global Energy Crisis • Demand for energy will continue to increase,exceeding that which is available3 • Developing countries growing energy needs • Industrialized nations will maintain a steady increase in energy needs

  6. http://www.willisms.com/archives/asianoildemand.gif3

  7. The Global Energy Crisis • Nations are highly interdependent to meet energy needs • This will lead to political unrest if supplies are not sufficient • Current energy sources also produce large amounts of air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions

  8. Air Pollution • Emissions from the burning of fossil fuels are damaging to both humans and the environment

  9. Global Warming and Greenhouse Gas Emissions • A recent report commissioned by the United Nations revealed an alarming rate of global warming • Effects of further temperature increase may be disastrous

  10. Here at Drexel • Current Energy Situation • Usage • Factors • Limitations drexel.edu

  11. Introduction to Drexel’s Energy Usage • Drexel University powers its campus exclusively by PECO and Community Energy, Inc. • About 90% of this energy comes from power plants which produce harmful Emissions1 • The university attains about 10% of there total energy from windmills1 http://www.newwindenergy.com/windfarm_bearcreek/index.html 1 http://www.drexel.edu/univrel/dateline/default_nik.pl?of=1&p=releaseview&f=20020729-01

  12. Kelly Residence Hall • Costs about $100,000 per year to provide power to Kelly Hall1 • This results in 15,798,527 pounds of carbon dioxide emissions2 • Environmental cost is much higher than financial cost • Various cleaner alternatives may be considered • Bio-fuels • Hydrogen Fuel Cells • Solar Panels • Wind 1William Taylor 2 http://www.exeloncorp.com/peco/customer_marketing_services/marketing/calculator.asp http://www.drexel.edu/rlo/Halls/Kelly/

  13. Criteria • Produces the least greenhouse gas emissions • Optimal efficiency • Low cost of installation and maintenance

  14. Constraints • Materials • Cost • Safety • Availability • Building codes • Aesthetic appeal

  15. Potential Solutions Various Sources of cleaner energy: • Fuel cells • Biomass as fuels • Wind • Solar panels

  16. Hydrogen Fuel Cells Storage, and transportation Energy for electrolysis must come from different sources Fossil Fuels Buying hydrogen http://www.gov.pe.ca/photos/original/dev_solutions.pdf

  17. Fuel Cells Cost • Hydrogen-$2.00-3.00/gasoline gallon equivalent (delivered, untaxed, 2005, by 2015)1 • Storage- Multi-million dollar purchase • Single tanks can be constructed to hold as much as 900,000 kg (2,000,000 lb) of hydrogen • Piping systems are usually several miles long, and in some cases may be hundreds of miles long. • Synthetic Natural Gas PlantPhiladelphia, PA2 1.http://www1.eere.energy.gov/hydrogenandfuelcells/news_cost_goal.html 2. http://www.totalenergy.com/SNGPlant/SNGPlant.htm#Section%20200

  18. Bio-Fuels Gas emissions Cost of acquisition Maintenance Transportation Continuously getting waste http://bioenergy.ornl.gov/reports/fuelwood/fig3_1.gif

  19. Wind • Continuously buying energy • Stable 20-year prices • Additional 2.54 cents per kilowatt-hour from PECO1 • 90,000 kWh per month in winter to115,000 kWh per month in summer * 2.54 cents per kilowatt-hour= average of $32,000 more per year 1. http://www.newwindenergy.com/buywind/home/mid_atlantic/step3_midatlantic_other.html

  20. A http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/solar.renewables/ilands/fig13.html

  21. Solar Panels • Widely available and used • Completely clean during usage • Emissions involved in production • Federal subsidies and incentives • Sufficient amounts of energy can be harnessed

  22. Method of Solution Analysis of 3 types of solar energy systems: 1. Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) 2. Concentrator Systems 3. High-Efficiency Multi-junction Devices • Cost • Efficiency • Use of space • Aesthetics

  23. Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) • Serve a dual purpose of producing electricity and acting as construction material. • Pros: • Replace old construction materials • Wide variety of aesthetic choices • Cons: • Primarily used in new constructions • Relatively low efficiencies Solar Roof Tiles Amorphous Silicon Solar Glass http://www.powernaturally.org/wms/images_gallery/20Rt-Facade-01160301_th.jpg http://www.habitat2.net/wp-content/SolarCentury.jpg

  24. Solar Concentrator Systems • These systems cover a standard photovoltaic panel with concentrating optics • Sunlight intensity is increased on solar panels or other collectors. • Pros: • Reduces amount of PV needed • Reduces amount of space for system • Amplifies power of the sun • Cons: • Depend solely on direct light • Complex construction • Can be aesthetically unappealing • High maintenance

  25. Types of Solar Concentrators • Concentrating solar power systems can be sized to suit various applications. Parabolic Trough System Power Tower System Parabolic Dish System Images courtesy of: http://www.solarpaces.org/csp_technology.htm

  26. Multi-junction Solar Cells • Multiple layers of solar cells with different light absorption properties • Top layers absorb shorter wavelengths • Lower levels absorb longer wavelengths • Pros: • Most efficient solar cells to date • Low maintenance and reliable • Projected future efficiencies on the rise • Cons: • Still largely in research and development • Uses inorganic compounds Chart courtesy of: http://photochemistry.epfl.ch/EDEY/NREL.pdf

  27. Basic Cross-Section of a PV Solar Cell

  28. Grid-Tied Solar Energy Systems • PV system becomes a “micro generator” • Offsets energy usage OR • Fed back into electrical grid and sold back to power company

  29. Final Solution • Multi-junction cells were chosen for this application because: • Installable on existing structures and maintains aesthetic appeal • Highest average solar cell efficiencies to date • Low energy payback time • Grid-tied

  30. Recommendations for the Future • Here at Drexel • The Solar Panels • Other clean alternative energies

  31. Buildings Estimated roof space • 1.One Drexel Plaza 70000+ • 2.DAC1 38000 • 3.North Hall1 28000 • 4.Hess Research Eng. Labs1 25000 1 http://www.drexel.edu/depts/pdc/pages/statsmap.asp

  32. * Kelly Hall 1 One Drexel Plasa 2 DAC 3 North 4 Hess http://maps.google.com/maps?client=firefox-a&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&hl=en&channel=s&tab=wl&q=

  33. Solar Panels • Currently solar panels are ##% efficient • 20-30 years ago solar panels were ##% efficient • In 20-30 years we can expect solar panels to be about ##% efficient

  34. Using Wind Power with Solar Panels • Wind and Solar energies are frequently opposite1 • Wind energy is just as clean 1 http://howto.altenergystore.com/Buyers-Guides/Quick-Start-Wind-Power-Turbines/a38/

  35. Thank You • Any questions? • Comments?

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