Rock Types and the Rock Cycle.

1. Rock Types and the Rock Cycle. http://www.flickr.com/photos/martinlabar/90632001/

2. Rock Types Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic

3. Igneous Rocks • Formed by the cooling of molten magma. • Very hard. • Have a crystalline structure. http://www.flickr.com/photos/14508691@N08/3824821248/

4. Basalt • Fine grain, interlocking crystals. • Usually black or grey. • Contains vesicles – bubbles of air trapped during the cooling of lava. • Used in cobblestones, railway ballast , road construction. http://www.flickr.com/photos/molas/446346958/

5. Granite • Coarse grain, interlocking crystals. • Usually has more light coloured crystals than dark, for example, glassy quartz or shiny mica. • Used in paving, work surfaces, gravestones. http://www.flickr.com/photos/brewbooks/212485689/

6. Sedimentary • Formed by the deposition of grains by ice, water and wind. • Found in layers, called beds or strata. • Often contain fossils. http://www.flickr.com/photos/aedos/3281843352/sizes/l/

7. Sandstone • Made up of sand grains. • Formed by the deposition of sediments by wind, rivers, sea or ice- so there are many forms. • Later cemented together by minerals within ground water. • Very hard and chemically resistant, as they are made up of quartz grains. • Used in building sand, paving, glass making.

8. Limestone • Largely made up of calcite (calcium carbonate). • Formed from the remnants of ancient shellfish and invertebrates, think Old Harry and Coccoliths. • Will react with hydrochloric acid. • Used in construction, neutralising acidic soils, steel making. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Limestone_cropping.jpg

9. Metamorphic • Were once igneous or sedimentary rocks, but have metamorphosed by heat and pressure within the Earth’s crust. • Crystalline and often have a squashed or (foliated or banded) texture. http://www.geologyrocks.co.uk/images/quartzite_from_the_phyllite_quartzite_series

10. Slate • Fine grained interlocking crystals lie flat in the same direction- cleavage direction. • Will split easily along the cleavage direction. • Used in gravestones, flooring, snooker tables. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Slate_Macro_1.JPG

11. Marble • Metamorphosed limestone (calcium carbonate). • Will react with hydrochloric acid. • Medium grained interlocking crystals and no alignment. • Used in fireplaces, work surfaces, ornaments. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MarbleUSGOV.jpg

12. How are rocks formed? http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/gsl/site/GSL/lang/en/page3892.html

13. How are rocks formed?

14. Weathering Erosion and transport Deposition of sediment Rock Cycle Uplift Burial and compaction Igneous rocks Rock type Process Sedimentary rocks Crystallisation of magma Metamorphism Melting Metamorphic rocks

15. Weathering Erosion and transport Deposition of sediment Rocks are eroded and transported. Rocks are deposited and laid down in layers. Rocks are under intense heat and pressure due to tectonic processes, minerals within them react to each other- change the texture and composition of the rock. Rocks are weathered. Magma cools to form igneous rocks. Tectonic processes lift the igneous rocks to the surface. Previous deposits are buried by new ones, the weight of these compacts the layers, other minerals help bind them together- cementation. Uplift Burial and compaction Rocks become liquid from the intense heat of the mantle. Igneous rocks Sedimentary rocks Crystallisation of magma Metamorphism Melting Metamorphic rocks

16. Weathering Erosion and transport Deposition of sediment Rock Cycle Uplift Burial and compaction Igneous rocks Rock type Process Sedimentary rocks Crystallisation of magma Metamorphism Melting Metamorphic rocks