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Tracheophyte Evolution

Tracheophyte Evolution. Origin. Big split between Lycophyte lineage and Euphyllophytes Euphyllophytes have megaphylls, pseudomonopodial growth. Next Big Split. Monilophytes (ferns and fern allies, including horsetails) and Lignophytes

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Tracheophyte Evolution

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  1. Tracheophyte Evolution

  2. Origin • Big split between Lycophyte lineage and Euphyllophytes • Euphyllophytes have megaphylls, pseudomonopodial growth

  3. Next Big Split • Monilophytes (ferns and fern allies, including horsetails) and Lignophytes • Monilophytes: Multiflagellate sperm; reproduction by spores; many functional megaspores; stellar anatomy; chloroplast inversion.

  4. Lignophytes • Progymnosperms, Seed Ferns, Gymnosperms, and Flowering plants • Secondary xylem and phloem, cambial ring; heterospory.

  5. Seed plants • 1 functional megaspore; integument around megasporangium; seeds; pollen grains. • Radiation (= who knows order) into Genophytes, Conifers, Ginkgo, cycads and ANGIOSPERMS

  6. Angiosperms • Seeds in carpels; stigmatic surface; megagametophyte of 8 nuclei; double fertilization • Closest ancestor – shifting ideas

  7. Basal Angiosperm Evolution • Vessels after Amborella • Diploid endosperm • Carpels sealed by secretion

  8. And then …. • Postgenital fusion of carpel epidermes • Carpel primordium is U-shaped • Radiation – Magnoliids, ?? Monocots, Eudicots

  9. Monocots • Scattered vascular bundles; no vascular cambium; leaf blade from base of primordium; one cotyledon • About half the monocots are orchids (19,500) or grasses (10,000)

  10. Poales

  11. Monocots

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