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AGE OF JACKSON

Explore the pivotal Election of 1824, controversies, the Trail of Tears, Jackson's fights, Manifest Destiny, and the War with Mexico. Dive into the rise of the Whigs and economic changes. Learn about key events shaping America's legacy today.

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AGE OF JACKSON

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  1. AGE OF JACKSON

  2. The Election of 1824 • 4 major candidates: • Andrew Jackson • John Quincy Adams • Henry Clay • William Crawford

  3. Favorite Son Candidate • A candidate who receives support from their state/region instead of the national party. • Clay-West (KY) • Jackson- West (TN) • Adams- Northeast (MA)

  4. Majority • More than ½ • A candidate needs a majority to win the presidency

  5. Plurality • The largest share • Plurality does not win a presidential election

  6. “Corrupt Bargain” • Clay gives his votes to Adams in exchange for becoming the Secretary of State.

  7. Election of 1828 • Mudslinging– Attempts to ruin your opponents with insults • Jackson Wins!

  8. Jackson • “Old Hickory” • Got the name from his troops who said he was as tough as a hickory stick

  9. Spoils System • Replacing government employees with the winning candidate’s supporters

  10. “The Tariff of Abominations” • Tariff passed by Jackson to help American manufacturers • Southerners hate the new tariff– it raises prices on goods, but doesn’t help them.

  11. Nullification • The cancellation of a federal bill by a state. • Many feared it would lead to secession.

  12. Conflicts over Land Section 11.2

  13. Cherokee Nation • The Cherokee (GA, AL, MS) did many things to show they were a nation • Cherokee Constitution • Cherokee Alphabet • Cherokee Schools • Cherokee Newspapers • Farmed

  14. Indian removal Act • Passed in 1830 • Allowed the government to pay Native Americans to move from their lands.

  15. Indian Territory • Present-day Oklahoma • Where Native Americans were moved to.

  16. John Marshall’s Ruling • The Cherokee nation took the government to court. • Chief Justice Marshall ruled that Georgia had no right to interfere with the Cherokee • Andrew Jackson– “John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it.”

  17. Trail of Tears • 1838 • Federal troops led Cherokee from their lands and moved west. • Brutal weather, treatment, and conditions, led to many deaths

  18. Osceola • Seminole Chief • Led many successful raids against US Forts.

  19. One Nation Resisted More than Others • Seminoles • Used Guerilla Tactics—Hit and run style

  20. Jackson and the bank Section 11.3

  21. Jackson vs. The Bank • Jackson always hated the Bank of the United States • He thought it was ran by and benefitted only rich people • Nicholas Biddle– the bank’s president, Jackson’s nemesis

  22. A Veto • A rejection of a bill by a president • Jackson used the veto more than any other president

  23. Jackson Kills the Bank • The bank needed to be re-chartered to keep going • Jackson vetoes the charter, ending the bank

  24. Economic Depression • A time where business and employment fall to a low level • The Panic of 1837 causes one • Pres. Van Buren decides not to intervene

  25. Laissez Faire Democracy • “Let it be” • The government should interfere as little as possible in economics

  26. The Whigs • A new political party, against Van Buren • Nominated William Henry Harrison to run against Van Buren

  27. Harrison Wins! • Log Cabin Campaign– Presents Harrison as a common man and Van Buren as a snob.

  28. Chapter 12 Manifest Destiny

  29. The Oregon Country • The Area between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains, north of California

  30. Many Countries Claimed the Oregon Territory • United States • Britain • Spain • Russia

  31. The First Oregon Settlers • Mountain men and fur trappers • Looking for beaver pelts and other animals

  32. Prairie Schooners • So many wagons moving west, it looked like many ships going out to sea

  33. Manifest Destiny • The idea that the US was destined to have a country that covered the whole continent

  34. Fifty Four-Forty Or Fight!! • The US should not take less than a northern border of 54’40” Latitude • They settle at 49

  35. Independence For Texas 12.2

  36. Davey Crockett • Famous outdoorsman from Tennessee • Lost seat in congress, moved to Texas

  37. Tejanos • Residents of Texas, Mexican citizens

  38. The Old Three Hundred • The first three hundred American families to settle in TX– led by Stephen F Austin

  39. Mexican Government’s Response • 1830– A decree that bans all immigration from the US

  40. Austin’s Demands • 1. Remove the ban on US settlement • 2. Make Texas a separate state • Santa Anna: Yes to 1, no to 2

  41. The Battle of the Alamo • 180 Texans barricaded inside a mission • After a 12 day siege, the Mexican army is victorious

  42. Battle of San Jacinto • Sam Houston gathers troops to attack Santa Anna • “Remember the Alamo” • It led to Santa Anna signing a treaty that recognizes Texas’ independence

  43. Debate over Annexation • Should Texas become a state? • They would like to be • Only problem– Should they come in as a slave state or a free state?

  44. How is it solved? • Congress is divided on the subject • President James Polk campaigns for it– Manifest Destiny supporters pass it. Texas becomes a state--1845

  45. War With Mexico/New Settlers in California and Utah 12.3 and 12.4

  46. Beginning of the Mexican-American War • America tries to provoke Mexico into war • This is a way to gain California and New Mexico • Disputed border– Rio Grande or Nueces • Zachary Taylor brings troops to disputed land, attacked by Mexican troops • War is on

  47. Polk’s War Plan • 3 parts • 1.Drive Mexican troops out of disputed area • 2. Seize New Mexico and California • 3. Capture Mexico City

  48. Capture of Mexico City • Led by Winfield Scott • Took about a month before surrender (9/1847) • American battle tolls • 1721 to battle • 11,000 to disease

  49. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo • Ends the Mexican-American War

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