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Age of Jackson

Age of Jackson. Unit 4.1. 1828 Election. Remember the 1824 election and the Corrupt Bargain ? Jackson spent the next 4 years campaigning. New Voters due to property qualifications being removed. 3 times the number of voters in 1828 than in 1824. Universal Male Suffrage

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Age of Jackson

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  1. Age of Jackson Unit 4.1

  2. 1828 Election • Remember the 1824 election and the Corrupt Bargain? • Jackson spent the next 4 years campaigning. • New Voters due to property qualifications being removed. • 3 times the number of voters in 1828 than in 1824. • Universal Male Suffrage • Politics more about “common man” • Jackson defeats John Q. Adams

  3. Emergence of new Party • 2nd Party System • In 1828 election Democratic-Republicans split up. • John Q. Adams – National Republicans • Andrew Jackson – Democrat • National Republicans become the Whig Party • Whigs are coalition with main glue holding them together is that they are against Jackson. • Although never elected as President, Whigs would basically follow the ideas of Henry Clay.

  4. Drama in the Jackson White House • Peggy Eaton Affair • Wife of his Sec. of War • Not accepted socially • Jackson tried to force cabinet wives to accept her. • (Jackson’s wife’s death plays into his feelings) • Many in Cabinet resign as well as VP John C. Calhoun • Kitchen Cabinet • Jackson’s unofficial cabinet in which he followed

  5. “To the victor goes the spoils” • Spoils system – rewarding followers of the winner with gov’t jobs (even as low as Postmaster) • Used before, but Jackson used it more extensively • Critics claimed it promoted corruption • Defenders claimed it made a system of rotation in office • Jackson only allowed one term for democratic ideal that any one man was as good as another • Side effect – Party Loyalty

  6. King Jackson • “Old Hickory” would be seen as the protector of the common man against the rich and privileged • Followed Jefferson’s ideas of less gov’t spending • Ironically Federal power would increase during his 8 years • Jackson would use the veto more than any President before (12 times)

  7. Indian Removal Acts • Jackson signs laws that would move Tribes in the east to “Indian Territory” – Oklahoma • Worcester v. Georgia (1832) – John Marshall would rule against movement. • Jackson’s response – “Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it.” • Who did the people side with?

  8. Civilized? • 5 Civilized Tribes • Cherokee • Chickasaw • Choctaw • Creek • Seminole • Why named that? • Sequoya • Cherokee leader • George Guess • Creates constitution and written language.

  9. Trail of Tears • Army came to force Cherokees to move to the Indian territory • 4,000 of the 15,000 would die on the way.

  10. How did it effect Florida? • 2nd Seminole War • Began outside of Fort King by Osceola • Dade Battle (108 of 110 soldiers killed) • Ft. Cooper • Why couldn’t the U.S. Army defeat the Seminoles? • How would they “win?” • Costliest Indian War in U.S. History • Seminoles never surrender (in all 3 wars) • Those not captured, escaped to South Florida

  11. Age of Clay? • Henry Clay would promote his American System • Protective Tariffs • Bank of the U.S. • Internal Improvements • Basis of the Whig ideals.

  12. Nullification Crisis • 1828 Tariff – Tariff of Abomination • Most hated parts of it. • John C. Calhoun suggests nullification. • Where does he get this idea? • 1832 Tariff • Compromise by Henry Clay, but S.C. still did not like it • Southern Carolina Exposition – Nullifies law • Force Act – Jackson will defend Federal law • South Carolina backs down on Tariff, but nullifies Force Act

  13. Bank War • Jackson was against the B.U.S. Why? • Felt it was against common man • Personal reasons from 1819 Panic and Wildcat Banks • Henry Clay pushes the Bank to be Rechartered four years early to use in his 1832 campaign. • Jackson vetoes bill • Bank War – Jackson moves money out of B.U.S. to his “pet banks” • Nicholas Biddle (President of B.U.S) – “Czar Nicholas”

  14. Clay vs. Jackson • Maysville Road veto • Why – officially and unofficially? • 1832 Election • Dem – Jackson • Whig - Clay

  15. State Rights or Federal Power • Webster – Hayne Debate in Senate • About B.U.S., Tariff, and Nullification • Calhoun and Jackson opposing each other • Jackson actually increase Federal Power as President

  16. More Financial issue • 2nd Coinage Act (1834) – ratio of gold to silver – 1 to 16. • Surplus 1835 to 1837 • No National Debt for our only time in U.S. History in 1837 • Specie Circular (1836) – all lands must be purchased with gold or silver – not paper money. • Panic of 1837 – Recession would last 5 years • Would Jackson be blamed for it? Who would?

  17. Reflection Questions • How is could it be said that the Age of Jackson is actually the Age of Clay? • Although Jackson wanted to decrease government power, how did he actually increase it? • Although Jackson was a defender of the common man, what groups of people was he not a defender of and how? • How did the issues of Tariff, BUS, and Internal Improvements show the differences between the Whigs and Democrats?

  18. Links • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EGIx-OEadsg&list=UUZYs757tACChkS-vjS1m66Q&index=54&feature=plcp – review video • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1kJmw3nzuB4 – Jackson bio • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yd12Wz6o_KI –Imperial President • http://www.history.com/topics/trail-of-tears - Trail of Tears

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