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Alcedinidae (Kingfishers)

Trogoniformes. Meropidae (Bee-eaters). Momotidae (Motmots). Todidae (Todies). Alcedinidae (Kingfishers). Coraciiformes. Leptosomatidae (Cuckoo-roller). Coraciidae (Rollers). Brachypteraciidae (Ground Rollers). Upupidae (Hoopoes). Coliiformes. Phoeniculidae (Woodhoopoes).

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Alcedinidae (Kingfishers)

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  1. Trogoniformes Meropidae (Bee-eaters) Momotidae (Motmots) Todidae (Todies) Alcedinidae (Kingfishers) Coraciiformes Leptosomatidae (Cuckoo-roller) Coraciidae (Rollers) Brachypteraciidae (Ground Rollers) Upupidae (Hoopoes) Coliiformes Phoeniculidae (Woodhoopoes) Bucerotidae (Hornbills)

  2. Alcedinidae - Kingfishers • In the suborder Alcidines with the Todies and the Motmots • 3 subfamiles • ~ 17 Genera; ~ 91 species • Worldwide excluding polar regions • Only Coraciiformes in N. America • 3.9”, 0.3 ounce Affrican Dwarf Kingfisher • 18”, 17 ounce Laughing Kookaburra

  3. Alcedinidae - Kingfishers Large heads with long thick bills and short necks

  4. Alcedinidae - Kingfishers Most have rounded wings and short tail

  5. Alcedinidae - Kingfishers Small, syndactyl feet

  6. Alcedinidae - Kingfishers Fishing • Scan clear water from perch or while hovering • Dive bill first to capture aquatic prey • Return to perch & beat prey against tree/rock • Swallow prey head-first

  7. Alcedinidae - Kingfishers Fishing • Hovering • Diving • Eating

  8. Momotidae (Motmots) • Alcedininae – River kingfishers • Most of the “fishing” kingfishers • 2 Genera; ~ 23 spp. • Old World Todidae (Todies) Alcedinidae • Cerylinae – Water Kingfishers • 3 Genera; 9 spp. • All of the new world kingfishers • 3 old world spp. • Daceloninae/Halcyoninae – Tree kingfishers • 12 Genera; ~ 59 spp. • Austalasian, Oriental, Paleoarctic • & Ethiopian

  9. Alcedinidae - Kingfishers • 6 New World Species (Cerylinae) • 3 of those occur in the US • 2 of those occur in Arizona

  10. Alcedinidae - Kingfishers • Belted Kingfisher Arizona species • Green Kingfisher Rufous breast Shaggy crest White belly White collar & Blue breastband White collar Small crest Rufous bellyband

  11. Alcedinidae - Kingfishers Arizona species • Green Kingfisher • Non-migratory • Secretive • Fish from perch close to the water • Fly a few inches above the surface of the water • Extreme southeast Arizona: • Upper San Pedro • Santa Cruz, Sonoita Creek, Cienega Creek, Arivaca Creek Rufous bellyband

  12. Alcedinidae - Kingfishers Arizona species • Belted Kingfisher • Neotropic Migrant • Loud calls and obvious perches • Fish from perch or by hovering • Central to eastern Arizona drainages: • Verde River • Black River • Upper Little Colorado River • Expanding breeding range: benefiting from human activities? • Crayfish • Construction Rufous bellyband

  13. Alcedinidae - Kingfishers Habitat requirements (for breeding areas) • Clear perennial water with reliable food source • Available nesting microsite

  14. Alcedinidae - Kingfishers • Cavity nesters: burrows in dirt banks • River, stream, other water banks • Road banks • Gravel pits • Pair excavates burrow with bills and pulls dirt out with syndactyl feet • 2-3’/3-8’ long at an angle upward – flood prevention?

  15. Alcedinidae - Kingfishers Biparental care - male and female: • Build nest cavity • Incubate eggs • Feed young (2-3 weeks after fledging)

  16. Alcedinidae - Kingfishers Other notable kingfishers • Ringed Kingfisher – southern Texas • Larger than Belted • Rufous breast and smaller crest • Laughing Kookaburra • Largest kingfisher at 18” • Distinct “laughing” song used erroneously in many movies as a South American/African/Asian jungle sound (Australian native) • Reverse sexual size dimorphism (female larger) • Marquesas Kingfisher and Micronesian Kingfisher are both endangered

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