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Fiber Optics: How Optical Fibers Carry Data over Long Distances

Fiber optics are thin strands of pure glass that carry data at high speeds over long distances. Learn how they work, the sources of light, signal loss, transmission medium, telecommunications applications, and refraction of light.

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Fiber Optics: How Optical Fibers Carry Data over Long Distances

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  1. Fiber optics RajapalayamRajus College Dr.S.Kalavathy

  2. What are optical fibers Thin strands of pure glass Carry data over long distances At very high speeds Fiber can be bent or twisted

  3. Sources of light

  4. How Fiber Optics Works • Light source adjacent to the fiber • laser produces and digitally encodes signal • light travels through core of glass • mirrored layer reflects light off walls • light moves through channel

  5. Signal Loss • To make up for signal loss over distance • laser amplifiers convert weakening signal into a stronger one. • Upon reaching its destination, an optical receiver decodes the digital signal, so it can be read by a computer, TV, or telephone.

  6. Transmission medium • Optical fiber is replacing copper • Light is used as the carrier of information • Much higher data rate

  7. Telecommunications • Telecommunications companies solve “last-mile” connectivity problems by complementing fiber with existing copper-wire systems.

  8. Refraction of light • Speed of light changes as it across the boundary of two media • Angles w.r.t normal

  9. Refraction Indices • Vacuum…….1.00000 (exactly) • Air ……1.00029 • Alcohol ......1.329 • Diamond ...... 2.417 • Glass ........ 1.5 • Ice ....... 1.309 • Sodium Chloride (Salt) .... 1.544 • Sugar Solution (80%) ........ 1.49 • Water (20 C) ................ 1.333

  10. Snell’s Law Critical angle: Angle of incidence at which angle of refraction = 900

  11. Thank You

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