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The Cell Cycle

The Cell Cycle. Chromosomes. Chromosomes are condensed strands of ____________. Many, many ____________ fit on one chromosome. Chromosomes. The tips of the chromosomes are called ____________ . Chromosomes are bound in the middle with ____________ .

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The Cell Cycle

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  1. The Cell Cycle

  2. Chromosomes • Chromosomes are condensed strands of ____________. • Many, many ____________ fit on one chromosome.

  3. Chromosomes • The tips of the chromosomes are called ____________. • Chromosomes are bound in the middle with ____________. • The long arm of a chromosome is the _____ arm. • The short arm of a chromosomes is the _____ arm.

  4. Weight Height Eye Color Hair Color Genes • A ____________ is a section of a chromosome that codes for a specific ____________.

  5. Tall Medium Brown Eyes Blue Eyes Blonde Red Hair Homologous Pair Chromosomes • Each cell has _____ of each kind of chromosome. • They aren’t exactly alike, but they code for the same ____________. • These are called ____________ ____________.

  6. Chromosomes • Usually chromosomes are all jumbled up. This is called ____________. • Only just before division do they condense down into ____________ chromosomes.

  7. SIMILAR IDENTICAL Chromosomes • Before a cell ____________, the ____________ must duplicate as well. • The two halves of the duplicated chromosomes are called ____________ ____________. They are ____________ alike.

  8. Cell Division

  9. Periods of the Cell Cycle • G1 and G2 – ____________ • S – ____________of DNA • M – ____________(Cell Division) _______________

  10. Cell Division • ____________– Growth and repair • ____________– Creation of sex cells (____________) • ____________ ____________ – Cell division in prokaryotes like bacteria

  11. Mitosis • ____________ division • Duplicated chromosomes are evenly distributed into two ____________ cells • Purposes: • ____________ of single-cell organisms (i.e. amoebas) • ____________ repair • Cell ____________ • ____________ ____________ (i.e. bone lengthening)

  12. Mitosis • All ____________ cells (non-gametes) in an organism have the same number of ____________ and undergo mitosis. • The chromosome number is characteristic of a given ____________ (e.g.humans 46, goldfish 94). • ____________ cells have 2 sets of chromosomes – ____________.

  13. Mitosis • Daughter cells are the ____________ ____________ of the parent cell (they have the same number of ____________ ) • Parent cells are ____________, or ____ – this means they have 2 of each chromosome • After mitosis daughter cells will be ____ as well (if a cell is ____________ or n, it did not go through mitosis – it went through ____________) • If a cell grasshopper’s gland is 2n=24, it has _____ chromosomes • After mitosis the daughter cell will have ____ chromosomes.

  14. I Pee on the MAT

  15. ____________ • ____________(Mitosis) • ____________(Mitosis) • ____________(Mitosis) • ____________(Mitosis) Let's watch an animation!

  16. Interphase • G1 Phase - First growth phase • 2 pairs of ____________ begin forming • S Phase - DNA is “____________” (chromosomes are ____________) • Each chromosome now consists of 2 replicas called ____________ ____________ held together at the ____________ • ____________ needed for replication produced

  17. Interphase • G2 Phase - second growth phase • Proteins made for division • Completion of replication of ____________ pairs • Cell ____________ and ____________ activities • 90% of time

  18. Interphase

  19. Prophase • ____________ condenses to form ____________ ____________ • ____________ disappears • Nuclear ____________ breaks down

  20. Spindle Apparatus • Forms during ____________ • Made of ____________ • Spindle fibers pull ____________ where they need to go • Centrioles/____________ at each pole (animals cells) • ____________: region of the cell that organizes the spindle. • Some cancer medications interfere with the formation of a cancer cell’s ____________. So, the ____________ can’t form and the cancer cell can’t go through mitosis.

  21. Spindles are like Fishing Poles for Chromosomes

  22. Prophase

  23. Prophase

  24. Metaphase • ____________ formation complete • Chromatids line up at cell's ____________ ____________.

  25. Metaphase

  26. Anaphase • ____________ split • Sister ____________ separate into separate ____________ – ____________ as many chromosomes now! • Chromosomes are drawn to ____________/centrosomes

  27. Anaphase

  28. Telophase • 2 new ____________ • Nuclear ____________ re-forms • ____________ reappears • ____________ disassembles

  29. Telophase

  30. Cytokinesis • Division of ____________ into 2 daughter cells • Animal cells: ____________ ____________ forms and pinches cell in two • Plant cells: ____________ ____________ forms at equator of cell

  31. Cell Plate in Plant Cell

  32. Mitosis Let's watch the whole process now. Source: http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/olc/dl/120073/bio14.swf

  33. Chromosome Number Practice

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