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Splash Screen. Chapter Introduction Section 1: First in Freedom Section 2: The Constitution of North Carolina Section 3: Rights of Citizens Section 4: The Civil Rights Movement Visual Summary. Chapter Menu.

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  1. Splash Screen

  2. Chapter Introduction Section 1:First in Freedom Section 2:The Constitution of North Carolina Section 3:Rights of Citizens Section 4:The Civil Rights Movement Visual Summary Chapter Menu

  3. You can learn about North Carolina history from colonization to the present by visiting monuments, parks, and historical buildings. North Carolinians are devoted to preserving their state’s history. Chapter Intro 1

  4. Section 1: First in Freedom Political principles and major events shape how people form governments. North Carolina was one of the thirteen colonies that rebelled against British rule in the American Revolution. Chapter Intro 2

  5. Section 2: The Constitution of North Carolina A constitution reflects the values and goals of the society that creates it. The Constitution of North Carolina is the state’s fundamental law. Chapter Intro 2

  6. Section 3: Rights of Citizens The constitution establishes and protects fundamental rights and liberties. While the right to vote is widely recognized as a fundamental right today; this was not always true. Chapter Intro 2

  7. Section 4: The Civil Rights Movement In a democratic society, various forces shape people’s ideas. The campaign for equality gained momentum in the 1960s. Chapter Intro 2

  8. Chapter Preview-End

  9. Guide to Reading Big Idea Political principles and major events shape how people form governments. Section 1-Main Idea

  10. Guide to Reading Content Vocabulary • unicameral • bicameral • federal system Academic Vocabulary • levy • consent Section 1-Key Terms

  11. A B Do you think the federal government should have more power than state governments? A. Yes B. No Section 1-Polling Question

  12. Colonial North Carolina North Carolina’s state and local government developed from the state’s foundation as an English colony. Section 1

  13. Colonial North Carolina (cont.) • Colonial North Carolinians defended their “rights as Englishmen.” • Representative government • Only elected assembly could levy, or impose taxes. • Charter of Carolina (1663) Section 1

  14. Colonial North Carolina (cont.) • Legislature • Operated as unicameral, or one house legislature, for more than 30 years • Adopted bicameral, or two-house, legislature in 1697 • “Power of the purse” North Carolina Counties, 1775 Section 1

  15. A B A bicameral legislature, compared to a unicameral legislature, better represents the views of the people. A.Agree B.Disagree Section 1

  16. Toward Independence After a war lasting several years, the American colonists won their independence from Great Britain. Section 1

  17. Toward Independence (cont.) • First in Freedom • First Provisional Congress (August 25, 1774) • Elected representatives to the Continental Congress • Edenton “tea party” (October 1774) • The Mecklenburg Declaration (May 1775) Section 1

  18. Toward Independence (cont.) • Fourth Provisional Congress • Halifax Resolves (April 12, 1776) • First colonial government to call for total independence from Great Britain Section 1

  19. Toward Independence (cont.) • The Constitutional Convention • Convened to reform the Articles of Confederation • The new U.S. Constitution created a federal system of government. Section 1

  20. Toward Independence (cont.) • North Carolina convention in Hillsborough (1788) called for a bill of rights • Ratification convention in Fayetteville (1789) ratified the U.S. Constitution, confident that a bill of rights would be included Section 1

  21. A B The North Carolina convention in Hillsborough was correct not to ratify the U.S. Constitution without a bill of rights. A.Agree B.Disagree Section 1

  22. Section 1-End

  23. Guide to Reading Big Idea A constitution reflects the values and goals of the society that creates it. Section 2-Main Idea

  24. Guide to Reading Content Vocabulary • preamble • popular sovereignty • separation of powers • checks and balances • amend Academic Vocabulary • similar • authority Section 2-Key Terms

  25. A B Considering protections offered by the United States Constitution, are state constitutions important in protecting individual rights? A. Yes B. No Section 2-Polling Question

  26. Power of the People While differing in details, all state constitutions share many characteristics. Section 2

  27. Power of the People (cont.) • The North Carolina Constitution includes: • A preamble • A bill of rights • An outline of the framework of government • A listing of state powers and responsibilities Road to Statehood Section 2

  28. Power of the People (cont.) • A provision for local government • An amending clause that details the methods of formal constitutional change • Popular sovereigntymeans that people are the ultimate source of power. Section 2

  29. Power of the People (cont.) • Separation of powers • Government power in North Carolina is divided among the legislature, executive, and judicial branches. • Articles II, III, and IV of the Constitution of North Carolina spell out limitations and responsibilities of each branch. Section 2

  30. Power of the People (cont.) • A system of checks and balances exists so that each branch of North Carolina government exercises some control over the other. • The authority to amend, or change, the Constitution of North Carolina is derived from Articles XVIII of the U.S. Constitution. • The amendment process provides a way the constitution can remain responsive to the needs of a changing state. Section 2

  31. A B One branch of government should have final authority over the others. A.Agree B.Disagree Section 2

  32. The Constitution Over Time The amendment process provides a way for the Constitution of North Carolina to respond to changing times. Section 2

  33. The Constitution Over Time (cont.) • The purpose of a constitution: • To protect the rights of the individual from encroachment by the State • To provide a framework of government for the state Section 2

  34. The Constitution Over Time (cont.) • The Constitution of 1776 (adopted December 18, 1776) established: • North Carolina General Assembly • Executive branch divided between the governor and Council of State • A court system Section 2

  35. The Constitution Over Time (cont.) • Major changes in 1835: • Voters gained power to elect the governor and approve or reject constitutional amendments • Took voting rights away from free men of African decent and Native Americans Section 2

  36. The Constitution Over Time (cont.) • Constitution of 1971: • North Carolina’s present constitution • Guarantees freedom of speech and equal protection of the laws • Guarantees free elections Section 2

  37. The Constitution Over Time (cont.) • Later amendments include: • Changing voting age from 21 to 18 (1972) • Permitting governor to serve to consecutive four-year terms (1977) • Power of governor to veto legislation (1996) Section 2

  38. A B Does limiting a governor to two consecutive terms infringe on the right of the people to choose who they would like to elect? A.Yes B.No Section 2

  39. Section 2-End

  40. Guide to Reading Big Idea The constitution establishes and protects fundamental rights and liberties. Section 3-Main Idea

  41. Guide to Reading Content Vocabulary • suffrage • segregation Academic Vocabulary • impose Section 3-Key Terms

  42. A B Do you feel that voting rights should be a state or federal issue? A. State B. Federal Section 3-Polling Question

  43. North Carolinians and the Vote While the right to vote is widely recognized as a fundamental right today, this was not always true. Section 3

  44. North Carolinians and the Vote (cont.) • At independence, voting was limited to free, male, property-owning citizens at least 21 years old Section 3

  45. North Carolinians and the Vote (cont.) • The Fourteenth Amendment (1868) of the United States Constitution: • Defined a citizen as anyone born or naturalized in the United States • Required each state to grant its citizens “equal protection of the laws” • Article I, Section 19 of the Constitution of North Carolina guarantees equal protection Section 3

  46. North Carolinians and the Vote (cont.) • The Fifteenth Amendment (1870) of the United States Constitution: • Extended voting rights to all male citizens who were 21 years or older • Specifically excluded “race, creed, color, or previous condition of servitude” as a condition of voting • Landmark on the road to full suffrage Section 3

  47. North Carolinians and the Vote (cont.) • Fearing the growing influence of African Americans in government, some white leaders led a drive for racial segregation, or separation. • By 1900, the North Carolina General Assembly had established discriminatory tests that kept most African American and Native American men from voting. Section 3

  48. A B Should only people who own property be able to vote on property taxes? A.Yes B.No Section 3

  49. Woman Suffrage Women struggled for many years to win the right to vote. Section 3

  50. Woman Suffrage (cont.) • Suffrage movement in North Carolina: • First public woman suffrage meeting in Asheville (November 15, 1894) • North Carolina Equal Suffrage League (1914) • Equal Suffrage Bill (1915) Section 3

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