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Understanding Ionic Bonding: Electron Transfer in Metals and Nonmetals

Ionic bonding is a type of chemical bonding where valence electrons are transferred from metal atoms to non-metal atoms. The primary goal is to achieve a filled outer energy level, traditionally employing the 'magic number' of eight electrons. When an electron is lost or gained, the atom transforms from a neutral particle to a charged ion. Metals lose electrons, gaining a positive charge, whereas nonmetals gain electrons and acquire a negative charge. This process results in distinctive ionic properties and behaviors essential to understanding chemistry.

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Understanding Ionic Bonding: Electron Transfer in Metals and Nonmetals

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  1. Ionic Bonding

  2. What is Ionic Bonding? • One type of bonding where valence electrons transferfrom: • METALatom to a NONMETALatom • ONLY VALENCE ELECTRONS TRANSFER!!! • GOAL is to fill the outer energy level • What is the magic number? • EIGHT!

  3. Ionic  I OWN IT • In Ionic bonding, ELECTRONS are stolen • What will change in an atom when an electron is lost or gained? • The charge of the atom • Atom goes from being a neutral particle to being a chargedparticle • Neutral means it has the same number of protons and electrons • Charged means it has a different number of protons than electrons

  4. What are the results? • A charged atom is called an ION. • Ions are eitherpositivelyornegativelycharged • The charge dependson if valence electronsaregivenortakenbyanatom • Less electrons than protons means you have a positively charged ion • There are more positive protons than negative electrons • More electrons than protons means you have a negatively charged ion • There are more negative electrons that positive protons

  5. METALS • Metalslose electrons and will gain a positivecharge • Metals havelessvalence electrons and it is easier/takes lessenergyto give 1 or 2 electrons than it is to take 6 or 7 electrons. • When something has a positivechargeit will be written like so: Li +1(symbol, “+” sign and then the number of electrons it has lost)

  6. NONMETALS • Nonmetalsgain electrons andwillgainanegativecharge • Nonmetals havemoreelectrons and it is easier/takes less energyto take 1 or 2 electrons than it is to give 6 or 7 electrons • When something has a negativechargeit will be written like so: Cl-1(symbol, “-” sign and then the number of electrons it has gained)

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