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Splendor & Struggles: Ottoman & Mughal Empires

Explore the rise & fall of the Ottoman & Mughal Empires from the 1300s to 1923. Discover the gunpowder, Janissaries, tolerance of religions, influential harem, royal intrigues, architectural wonders, and European interactions shaping these Islamic dynasties. Learn about Suleyman the Magnificent, Mehmed II, Selim I, Akbar, and Aurangzeb, who left indelible marks on history. Witness the cultural flowering, political complexities, and eventual decline of these great empires. Unravel the legacy of power and prestige intertwined with corruption, inflation, and internal turmoil. Explore the grandeur, struggles, and importance of these significant chapters in world history!

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Splendor & Struggles: Ottoman & Mughal Empires

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  1. Muslim Empires Chapter 20

  2. Ottoman Empire1300s-1923 • Started with semi-nomadic Turks who migrated to northwest Anatolia in the 1200s • Replaced the Mongols as their power declined

  3. Ottoman Empire1300s-1923 • Gunpowder • Janissaries • 1453 captured Constantinople • Allowed Christians & Jews to worship—tolerant • Navy until 1571 loss to Venetians & Spanish—Battle of Lepanto

  4. Ottoman Empire1300s-1923 • Mehmed

  5. Ottoman Empire Selim I 1512 • Claimed that he was the rightful heir to the Islamic tradition of Arab caliphs

  6. Ottoman Empire1300s-1923 Suleyman the Magnificent 1520-1566 • Patron of the artsGolden Age • Pushed into Europe and laid siege on Vienna

  7. Ottoman Empire1300s-1923 • Absolute monarchy, but later removed himself and ruled through a vizier • Islamic religious scholars & legal experts served administrative functions • Still a major problem is succession

  8. Ottoman Empire1300s-1923 • ConstantinopleIstanbul • Hagia Sophiamosque • Aqueducts, marketplace, rest houses, religious schools and hospitals • Large merchant and artisan class • Commercial exchanges and handicraft production is closely regulated by government

  9. Ottoman Empire1300s-1923 • Harem was influential in politics and society • Female relatives and concubines resided in the harem • Gained status when had sons • Eunuchs guarded the harem were of slave origin and were trained and educated • Enslavement of Muslims is forbidden • Sultan’s mom is the queen mother

  10. Ottoman Empire1300s-1923 • Peaked in mid-1600s • Became too large to maintain • Plagued by corruption & inflation • Successors to the throne often lived sheltered lives and were unequipped to rule • European military and naval technology outpaced the Ottomans

  11. Mughal India1523-mid1700s • History of decentralized regional kingdoms • Babur, Turkic nomad, began his conquest of India in 1526 • Akbar, his son, continued this quest

  12. Mughal India1523-mid 1700s Akbar • Wanted to unify the empire—1ST time • Patronized the arts • Interested in religious discussion • Policy of cooperation with Hindu rulers & encouraged intermarriagemixed geographically • Abolished the jizya (non-Muslim tax) • Promoted Hindus to high-ranking govt jobs

  13. Mughal India Akbar • Tried to improve the position of women by trying to eliminate sati

  14. Mughal India1523-mid 1700s • Architecture • Blended Persian, Hindu ornamentation and Islamic domes, arches and minarets

  15. Mughal India1523 to mid 1700s Aurangzeb • Pushed to extend Muslim control to all of India • Brought back the non-Muslim tax • Sought to purify India’s Islam—1700s begin to persecute Hindus • His many wars drained the treasury • Peasant uprisings • Revolts by Muslims and Hindus • Weak Hindu princes

  16. Mughal India1523-mid 1700s • Weak India, allowed European traders in search of cotton to increase their influence • Portugal ad the port city of Goa and sent missionaries • 1661 British East India Company controlled trade in Bombay. • 1691 British East Co founded Calcutta • Mughals were annoyed, but allowed trade

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