August, 2006

1. Distribution ED02 English OS7400 QoS Module No. : STM #556 August, 2006 Mail to training@samsung.com

2. Objectives • After successful completion of the course the trainees should be able to execute the following activities. ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

3. Contents Overview GWIM QoS GSIM QoS Ingress Egress Auto-QoS (GSIM) Hands on Practice (L3 QoS) ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

4. Overview ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

5. L3/L2 QoS Functions • GWIM • HTBQ • SPQ • GSIM • L2 and L3 Integrated QoS Support. • Classification, DSCP Marking, Policing, Buffer Management (WRED-like) • IEEE 82.1p marking, CoS Mapping • Scheduling • GLIMP • CoS Mapping, Scheduling ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

6. VoIP QoS • Auto-QoS supported by the DSMI (Data Server Module Interface) module. • GWIM • Auto-configuration of NAPT for MCP and MGIs. • Auto – Firewall and auto-QoS support under development. • GSIM • Auto-QoS supported. • auto-configuration of classification for VoIP traffics • auto-configuration of DSCP Marking for VoIP traffics. • auto-configuration of IEEE 82.1p marking, CoS Mapping for VoIP traffics. • GLIMP • Currently auto-QoS not supported. ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

7. Auto QoS for VoIP Auto- QoS Auto-Firewall Auto- NAPT Service INTERNET DSMI ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

8. GWIM QoS ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

9. QoS Function Overview • SPQ (Strict Priority Queuing) • Highest class served first. Only if the waiting list in the highest class is empty, other classes can be served. • HTBQ (Hierarchical Token Bucket Queuing) • Supports the classification/shaping/queuing functions • Less complexity than CBQ. • guarantee of configured bandwidth(Rate) and the on-demand distribution of excess bandwidth(BW Sharing) ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

10. QoS Internal (I) • Linux kernel TC • provides various Queuing Disciplines(Qdisc) • SPQ, HTBQ, CBQ,… • Root Qdisc is attached to device(interface). Arbitrary class tree can be created and attached to the Root Qdisc. Recursively, leaf classes can own another Qdisc as its own queuing policy. • If Packet is to transmit through one interface, it is classified as one of leaf classes according to configured filter rules and put into Qdisc attached to the leaf class. Iteratively, the packet is classified … ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

11. QoS Internal (II) • HTBQ (Hierarchical Token Bucket Queuing) • 3 types of class : root, inner, leaf • Only leaf classes actually shape packets; packets are only delayed in these leaf classes. The inner classes (all the way up to the root class) exist to define how borrowing/lending occurs. • 2 token buckets per class : 1 for AR (Assured Rate), 1 for CR (Ceil Rate) • rate limiting (shaping) in only leaf classes. • BW borrowing up to CR from parent class by borrowing tokens (parent’s tokens). • If excess BW of the parent class is not available, the parent class attempt to borrow BW from parent of it. This can continue to reach Root class. • excess BW of inner class is distributed in the proportion of Quantum of demanding classes with highest priority. • Quantum = Rate / R2Q ; calculated automatically ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

12. QoS Internal (III) • SPQ (Strict Priority Queuing) • PRIO qdisc used • doesn’t actually shape, only subdivides traffic based on how filters are configured. • 3 types of class : high, middle, low => bands • priomap • without tc filters, decide how to enqueue traffic according to TC_PRIO priority. • GWIM supports only TC filters, so just ignore. • By default, each class contains pure FIFO qdisc. However, it can be replaced with any qdisc. • GWIM does not support this feature. ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

13. Sample Scenario • Scenario • Eth0 used as WAN interface • QoS support is needed for VoIP traffic transmitted via eth0. • Total throughput 200Mbps = 25Mbyte/s • VoIP (class VOIP) • RTP, RTCP • G.729 call with voice payload size of 20 bytes (20 ms) • (14 bytes of Ethernet header + 40 bytes of IP(20)/UDP(8)/RTP(12) headers + 20 bytes voice payload + 4 bytes of Ethernet CRC)* 8 bits per byte * 50 pps = 31.2 Kbps • 31.2 * 256 (Assuming number of simultaneous calls) • AR = 8000 kbps (1000kbyte/s), CR = 2Mbyte/s, Priority = 1 (highest) • Signal • SIP, H.323, SPNet(Samsung Proprietary Networking) • Assuming 160 kbps = 20 KB/s (AR), CR = 40kbyte/s, Priority = 1 (highest) • AR = 8 Mbps (1Mbyte/s), CR = 3Mbyte/s • Data Traffic (class Data) • AR = Total throuput – VoIP Traffic = 24 Mbyte/s, CR = 25Mbyte/s • TCP (class data_tcp) • AR = 10Mbyte/s, CR = 25Mbyte/s , prio = 2 • Etc (default class) • AR = 14Mbyte/s, CR = 25Mbyte/s prio = 3 ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

14. HTBQ Class Diagram class Device Interface Qdisc Rate: 25 MB/s Root Rate: 3MB/s Ceil: 25MB/s Rate: 1MB/s Ceil: 25MB/s VOIP Data Signal Voice default tcp Rate: 20KB/s Ceil: 25MB/s Pri: 1 Rate: 1000KB/s Ceil: 25MB/s Pri: 1 Rate: 2MB/s Ceil: 25MB/s Pri: 2 Rate: 1MB/s Ceil: 25MB/s Pri: 3 pFIFO pFIFO pFIFO pFIFO ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

15. Common Configuration : IP and Port Groups ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

16. Common Configuration : VoIP Filter Groups ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

17. Common Configuration : Data Filter Group • Notice • If a packet matches more than one filters, • a filter of higher priority (lower value) will be selected. ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

18. HTBQ Configuration – Root and Inner Classes • Note • bps, Kbps, and Mbps, which are the unit of the Rate and Ceil options, • mean 8 bits/s, 8 Kbits/s, and 8 Mbits/s respectively. ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

19. HTBQ Configuration – VoIP Classes (I) ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

20. HTBQ Configuration – VoIP Classes (II) ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

21. HTBQ Configuration – Data Classes ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

22. HTBQ Configuration – Default Classes ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

23. HTBQ Configuration – Class Group List • Note • Set the rate of the parent class rate not to be less than a total of that of all child classes. • Set the ceil of the parent class not to be less than the maximum value of that of all child classes. ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

24. Applying HTBQ Policy ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

25. Running HTBQ ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

26. SPQ Configuration : VOIP class ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

27. SPQ Configuration : Data class ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

28. SPQ Configuration – Root Class ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

29. SPQ Configuration – Class Group List ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

30. Applying SPQ Policy ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

31. Running SPQ ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

32. MGI64 MP40 P1 P1 P2 P2 P3 P3 P4 P4 P5 P5 P6 P6 P13 P13 LNK LNK ACT ACT LNK LNK ACT ACT RST RST P7 P7 P8 P8 P9 P9 P10 P10 P11 P11 P12 P12 P14 P14 GLIMP GLIMP P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 LNK ACT SIO P6 P7 P8 P9 P10 V35 P1 P2 RUN V35 HSSI P1 P2 P3 RST SIO P3 HSSI GWIM VoIP Service Interoperation * Classification between VOIP and Data is done by GSIM (FFP hardware based) efficiently. → ToS byte of VoIP traffic (signal and media) is marked 0xa0.(DSCP = 40) → ToS byte of Data traffic (non-VoIP) is marked 0x0.(DSCP = 0) * Using this, GWIM needs only one ToS filter to classify VoIP traffic. INTERNET GWIM Data (ToS 0x0] VOIP (ToS 0xa0] GSIM GPLIM GPLIM MGI64 ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

33. GSIM QoS ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

34. GSIM QoS Architectures – based on BCM5696 Marking & Policing Classification MASKing (Mask Table) FILTERing (Rule Table) Full match METERing (Metering Table) out-of-profile In-profile Actions (Rule Table) Out-Actions (Rule Table) Partial match NO_MATCH_ACTION (Mask Table) DROP Marking Mapping drop_pre ECN Ingress Egress Buffer Manager (drop precedence packet/cell limit) Shaper (per egress port) Queue Scheduler (SP, RR, WRR) Packet out ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

35. Ingress ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

36. Configuration : Creating Class map (1) Layer2 to Layer4 classification is supported. ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

37. Configuration : Creating Class Map (2) • Note • if a class_map is created, it implicitly contains a class_entry as configured. ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

38. Configuration : Creating Class Entry • Note • New class entry’s match rule is inherited from that of its class map. So, only selected fields for the class map can be configured for class map entries. Especially, it is mandatory to configure range of IP or/and port fields of a class entry using the same bit-mask values as the class map. For above example, if netmask of class map for src/dest ip is 0xffffff00(/24), netmask of class entry for ip src/dest must be same. Also, this holds for port range. For above example, Mask value of source port is 0xfff0(/12). ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

39. Configuration : Creating Policy Map (1) • Note • Previously configured class maps can be associated with a new policy map. An incoming packet is searched against class_maps in the ascendant manner. 10 is lowest (highest priority) sequence. • If multiple class_maps are matched, incremental processing will be done but in case of conflicts (permit of one class_map, deny of the other), policy of class_map of lower sequence number is applied. ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

40. Configuration : Creating Policy Map (2) • Note • Default action for all class_maps associated with a policy_map is permit as confirm action. • User can add/delete/modify actions. ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

41. Configuration : Policy Actions (1) ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

42. Configuration : Policy Actions (2) • Note • Shaping by Token bucket. Limit (token rate), burst (bucket size) • If rate-limit is configured, actions are determined whether rate of traffic of this class is above limit or not. • traffic rate > limit => exceed actions are selected. • traffic rate <= limit => confirm actions are selected. ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

43. Configuration : Policy Actions (3) ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

44. Configuration : Service Policy ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

45. Egress ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

46. Configuration : CoS Mapping • Note • A priority value for packet determined by 802.1p priority or configured priority by policy actions is mapped to a CoS queue according to CoS mapping. Multiple priority values can be mapped to one queue. • Threshold of WRED is configurable. Generally, CoS queue with low priority has shorter threshold than that of high priority. If CoS queue length is larger than threshold, packets with drop precedence as 1 are dropped. ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

47. Configuration : Scheduler • 3 types scheduler modes • Strict-priority • Round-robin • Weighted-round-robin • Weight value means packet count. ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

48. Auto QoS (GSIM) ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

49. VoIP Auto-QoS (GSIM) [1] Signal Media VoIP Signal For ITPs, WIPs Media By DSCP MGI MCP For MCP, MGIs MGI MCP • voip_common/system/terminal_classmaps are automatically created by V/S. • In case of V/S DB update, voip_system_classmaps are automatically updated. ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

50. VoIP Auto-QoS (GSIM) [2] • Following actions are configured as confirm actions for voip_xxx_classmaps : • insert DSCP 40 • insert 802.1p priority 7 • → at least, one VLAN is needed to transmit tagged packets to connected switches. (egress_tagged option) ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.