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Fundamentals of Heating and Cooling Systems Control in Intelligent Buildings

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This lecture provides an in-depth overview of the control fundamentals for heating and cooling systems, highlighting the importance of output, safety, and predictive controls. It covers the basic components of control systems, including actuators, controllers, and feedback mechanisms. Key topics include hydronic balancing, automated vs. manual controls, and measurement techniques of controlled variables. This educational session is designed for professionals seeking to enhance their understanding of energy efficiency and operational safety in intelligent building environments.

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Fundamentals of Heating and Cooling Systems Control in Intelligent Buildings

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  1. Heating and Cooling

  2. Coordinator: • Karel Kabele, kabele@fsv.cvut.cz, CTU in Prague • Contributors: • EricWillems, Erwin Roijen, Peter Op 't Veld, P.OpTVeld@chri.nl • Camilla Brunsgaard, cbru@create.aau.dk & Mary-Ann Knudstrup, mak@create.aau.dk, Aalborg University, Per Kvols Heiselberg, ph@civil.aau.dk, Tine S. Larsen, Olena K. Larsen, Rasmus Lund Jensen (AAU) • ArturasKaklauskas, Arturas.kaklauskas@st.vgtu.lt, AudriusBanaitis, Audrius.banaitis@vgtu.lt , Vilnius Geniminas Technical University (VGTU) • Marco Perino, marco.perino@polito.it, Gianvi Fracastoro, Stefano Corgnati, Valentina Serra (POLITO) • Werner Stutterecker, werner.stutterecker@fh-burgenland.at, (FH-B) • MattheosSantamouris, msantam@phys.uoa.gr, Margarita Asimakopoulos, Marina Laskari, marlaskari@googlemail.com, (NKUA) • Zoltan Magyar, zmagyar@invitel.hu, Mihaly Baumann, AnikoVigh, idesedu.pte@gmail.com (PTE) • Manuela Almeida, malmeida@civil.uminho.pt, Sandra Silva, sms@civil.uminho.pt, Ricardo Mateus, ricardomateus@civil.uminho.pt, University of Minho (UMINHO) • PiotrBartkiewicz, piotr.bartkiewicz@is.pw.edu.pl, PiotrNarowski, piotr.narowski@is.pw.edu.pl (WUT) • Matthias Haase, matthias.Haase@sintef.no, (NTNU) • Karel Kabele, kabele@fsv.cvut.cz, Pavla Dvořáková, pavla.dvorakova@fsv.cvut.cz, (CTU – FCE)

  3. LECTURE 12 HEATING AND COOLING SYSTEMS CONTROL

  4. Fundamentals of control; output control; safety control, predictive control; intelligent buildings.

  5. Fundamentals ofcontrol

  6. What is it - Control system ? • Device, whichchangesoneor more parametersoftheheating/coolingsystem • temperature • flowrate • pressure

  7. Why to controlheating/coolingsystem • Output controlaccording to actualheatloss • Operationsafety • Restriction by operationalparametersofheat source orany element ofheatingsystem • Hydronicbalancing

  8. Feedback Controlled system Actuator Controller Y X W Z Control circuit • Controlled variable x • Manipulated variable y • Disturbance variable z • Command variable w

  9. Manipulation • Controlled variable is changed by actuator • No feed-back, no controller ? Controlled system Actuator X Z

  10. Hand actuated control • Controller = man Feed back Controlled system Actuator Y X Z W

  11. Automatic actuated controll • w and/or x activates actuator to achieve required value of x Feed back Controlled system Actuator Regulátor Y X W Z

  12. Control circuit Technical background • Measurement of controlled and command variable • electronic thermometer, flow meter, pressure meter • Controller • Compare measured values with required valuesa and activates actuator • Actuator • Control valve, shutoff valve, three-way valve

  13. Output sampling controllers • Manipulated variable – on/off, 0-0,5-1 • Example: room thermostat

  14. Continuous action controllers Manipulated variable vs. Controlled variable = transition characteristic. • P - proportional • I – integral • D – shunt • T – time delay • … • Fuzzy logic – more variables

  15. Controllers - energy • Self actuated controllers • Energy from the controlled systém • Electronic controllers • Pressured air actuated controllers

  16. Actuators • Electromagnetic shut-off valves • Control valves • Mixing 3 or 4 way valves

  17. Thermostatic valves With remote sensor With remote setup Radiator valve Common

  18. Application of 3way valve

  19. output control; safety control, predictive control; intelligent buildings

  20. OPERATION OF HEATING AND COOLING SYSTEMS

  21. Commissioning; Inspection; Fault detection, Operation, Energy audit Last developements in theheating/cooling field

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