Psycholinguistics and Language Learning

1. Psycholinguistics and Language Learning Dr. Lamhot Naibaho, S.Pd., M.Hum Scopus ID: 57200502617 Jakarta International Conference on Science and Educationl, 16 – 17 October 2019, Discovery Hotel Ancol, Jakarta

2. Simple history of Psycholinguistics Introduced by: Till 1946 But from 1946 - Today Jacob Kantor in 1936 It is rarely talked The terms is highly use by linguists and students of language

3. Psychology of language & Psycholinguistics Are they different????

4. Definitions of Psycolinguistics Aitchison, 2006 Corina & Knap,2006 Steinberg & Sciarini, 2006 Warren, 2013. psycholinguistics is sometimes defined as the study of language and the mind, it is a subject which links psychology and linguistics Psycholinguistics is the study of the relationship of language, thought, and culture Psycholinguistics is a study of mental representation and processes involved in language use, including the production, comprehension and storage of spoken and written language psycholinguistics is a study that strives to understand the relationship between linguistic structure and cognitive processing

5. Infographic Style Scope of psycholinguistics 1. Language 2. Brain 3. The relationship of both Aspects of psycholinguistics 1. Competency (language process in communication and the brain) 2. Language Acquisition Performance (pattern and attitude of language) 4. Verbal association and meaning

6. Communicative Process in Language

7. All about Language Language as a Creative Behaviour As a Set of Habit As Biological Growth Is Power Is an Identity Language Language Language Language Language To understand the nature of habits fully, it is good to compare two basis sets of human activities; a) reflex behavior and learned behavior. Somebody identity maybe known from their Dialect or Language It can control your life and others’ life Proof it then!!!! Ask the forum to stand up and so on, Interogating language acquisition and productionare relates to the child biological growth (the physical Growth) Language is not merely a set of habit, and language development is not mere process of habit formation. Language cross the boundary of habits and enters the unfathomable horizon of creativity experience.

8. Language Acquisition It involves knowing Vocabulary, phonology, grammar, and other aspects of linguistic structure. When to speak (or not), what to say to whom, and how to say it appropriately in any given situation. The social and cultural knowledge which enables speakers to use and interpret linguistic forms. When we talk about what is being acquired in LA Language community We must also include Social Context of Language Acquistion it is not enough just to talk about the language itself the social and cultural knowledge embedded in the language being Acquired or learned It refers to a group of people who share knowledge of a common language. What a speaker needs to know to communicate appropriately within a particular language community?

9. Factors Affecting LA and Language Learning The Physical environment The social environment The economic resources The motivation; external and internal motivation

10. Linguistic contexts Elements of language form and function associated with the variable element. For example: 01 02 03 Quickly COMING Terbawa BRING Terbang Early

11. Psychological contexts Factor associated with the amount of attention which is being given to language form during production, the level of automacity versus control in processing, or the intellectual demands of a particular task. For example: She bought 01 02 03 She cries We eat peanut This is a nice Car

12. Microsocial contexts Features of situation and interaction which relate to communicative events within which language is being produced, interpreted, and negotiated. These include : 01 02 03 If the interaction is public or intimate participants’ relationship Level of formality

13. ACCOMMODATION THEORY Speakers change their pronunciation they use to sound more like whomever they are talking to 01 L2 learners may acquire somewhat different varieties of the target language when they have different friends. 04 Native speakers tend to simplify their language when they are talking to an L2 learner who is not fluent. 03 02 Speakers even change the grammatical complexity of sentences they use to sound more like whomever they are talking to

14. Input and Interaction Language addressed by L1 speakers to L2 learners is different from the one addressed to native speakers Language input to the learner is necessary for either L1 or L2 learning to take place Because inputis important to form the stimuli and feedback which learners respond to and imitate Utterances by native speakers to language learners are grammatical, simplified input may omit some obligatory elements. For example: ___ you like it?

15. Nature of interactional modifications For L2 learners interaction is essential but not absolutely necessary Social interaction is essential for L1 acquisition Because “No children can learn their initial language just by listening to tape recordings, radio broadcast or television programs.” Some children can learn second language/foreign language without making interaction

16. Useful types of modificationsin Language Learning Repetition allows nonnative speakers more time for processing and an opportunity to confirm perception Paraphrase allows NNSs to cast a wider net for words they recognize and may increase their vocabulary Expansion and elaboration offers models of important utterances that permit NNSs to produce language Sentence Completion and frames for substitution provide NNSs with words of language from NSs which they can use in subsequent turns to talk.

17. Interaction as the genesis of language According to Sociocultural Theory, learning occurs when simple innate mental activities are transformed into more complex mental functions Language Genesis Pidgin Dialects Creol Language

18. Intrapersonal interaction communication that occurs within an individual’s own mind INTERACTION Interpersonal interaction: communicative events and situations which occur between people When translating to oneself Private speech (the self-talkin which many children are engaged) provides good evidence that even when are not interacting with other, they are assimilating input 2 1

19. Intrapersonal interaction 3. Audible private speech Engagesadult learners) takes place where imitation or other controlled response to linguistic input is considered normal behavior 4. Private writing In which individuals record language forms and other meaningful symbols on paper to help store items in memory, organize thought, solve problems without intent to communicate with other 2

20. Social Categories Age Sex People are categorized according to: Etnicity Educational level They influence what experiences they have, how they are perceived by other, and what is expected of them Occupation Economic Status

21. STATUS OF A LANGUAGE As a Mother Tongue/L1 01 As a Second Language 02 As a Foreign Laguage As a Lingua Franca 03 As an Official Language 04 05

22. Acquiring knowledge for Languageuse Competence and Use Communicative competence combines: Linguistic competence (knowledge of language, knowledge of the specific components and levels of a language) Knowledge required for their appropriate use in communicative activities Content C - 30% Content D - 90%

23. Language Competency Requires: 1. Content 5. Contex 2. Linguistic elements 4. Language use 3. Content

24. The ability to use language appropriately includes: Pragmatic competence(what people must know in order to interpret and convey meaning within communicative situations) D D D D D

25. Components of language knowledge: Language has been divided by linguists into the following components VOCABULARY (lexicon) MORPHOLOGY (word structure) PHONOLOGY (sound system) SYNTAX (grammar) 10% 40% 20% 30% DISCOURSE (ways to connect sentences and organize information)

26. LanguageLearning and teaching Linguistic, psychological, and social perspectives on SLA focused on what, how, and why What exactly does the L2 learner come to know? A system of knowledge about language Patterns of current elements 1 2 How to encode particular concepts in the Language elements Pragmatic competence 3 4

27. Means for using the Languagein communicative activities Communicative competence 5 6 How to select among multiple language system 7 Why are some learners more successful than others? 1 Social context 4 Age Social Experience 2 6 5 Relationship of L1 and L2 3 Instruction Motivation

28. THATS ALL FOR TODAY Keep on doing the best in your life!!! Thanks for listening and understanding Dr. Lamhot Naibaho, S.Pd., M.Hum