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The Solar System

Discover the organization of the solar system, from Ptolemy's Earth-centered view to Copernicus and Kepler's discoveries. Learn about planets like Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto, along with asteroids, meteors, and comets. Delve into astronomical units and light-years for measuring distances in space.

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The Solar System

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  1. The Solar System

  2. ORGANIZATION OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM • Claudis Ptolemy said the earth was the center of the universe and the planets and sun revolved around it. • Nicholas Copernicus said the sun was in the center of the universe and the planets rotated around it in a circular orbit.

  3. Johannes Kepler published his laws of planetary orbit stating the planets rotated in an elliptical orbit. • Galileo used the newly invented telescope to study the planets and say there were many planets orbiting the sun. • Planetary system- a system of planets revolving around the sun (a star).

  4. Smaller bodies that orbit the sun include asteroids, meteoroids, and comets. • Asteroid a chunk of rock and metal that orbits the sun. • Asteroid belt – a large area of asteroids located between Mars and Jupiter.

  5. Meteroid- a rock that floats in space • Meteor- a streak of light produced by the friction of the atmosphere rubbing against the meteoroid. • Meteorite- when a meteor strikes the earth’s surface it is called a meteorite.

  6. Comet- a ball of ice, rock, and frozen gases that orbits the sun. • All planets orbit the sun.

  7. MERCURY • Rocky surface with craters • Thin atmosphere containing hydrogen and helium • In sunlit areas the surface is hot enough to melt lead

  8. VENUS • Surface: Rocky • Atmosphere: thick, mostly carbon dioxide and nitrogen • Fact: direction of rotation is opposite of all other planets

  9. EARTH • Surface: Mostly water with areas of soil covered rock • Atmosphere: mostly nitrogen and Oxygen • Fact: has only known life in the solar system

  10. MARS • Surface: Rocky, Covered with dust • Atmosphere: thin mostly carbon dioxide • Fact: has largest volcano-Olympus Mons, whose base is larger than the state of New Mexico.

  11. JUPITER • Surface: Gaseous planet, possibly with liquid hydrogen surface • Atmosphere: mostly hydrogen and helium • Fact: Great Red Spot-huge storm that has lasted since the time of Galileo Great Red Spot

  12. SATURN • Surface: Gaseous planet with no known solid surface • Atmosphere: mostly hydrogen and helium • Fact: has wide, thin system of rings made of small pieces of ice and rock

  13. URANUS • Surface: Gaseous planet without a known solid surface • Atmosphere: mostly hydrogen and helium • Fact: Possible collision with an earth sized object may have knocked Uranus on it’s side as a result, it roll around in an orbit.

  14. NEPTUNE • Surface: Gaseous planet without a known solid surface • Atmosphere: Mostly hydrogen, helium, and methane • Fact: one of the windiest places in the solar system. (1,000km per hr) 620 mph.

  15. Pluto • Surface: Water and Methane Ice • Atmosphere: Mostly Methane • Fact: Usually 9th planet, but part of its orbit is inside Neptune’s orbit, making Pluto the 8th planet on occasion.

  16. Astronomical Units/Light –Years • Astronomical unit (A.U.)-the unit of measurement astronomers use to measure distances in the solar system. • A.U.-equal to the average distance between the Earth and the sun • This distance is 150 million km or 93 million miles. • Light-year-equal to the distance light can travel in a vacuum in one year. Used to measure distances to the stars.

  17. The Solar System

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